Cell cycle is a 4-stage process that takes place in a cell as the cell grows and divides. Each complete cell division will result in two daughter cells. The four stages of cell division are Gap 1 ( G₁ phase ), Synthesis (S phase), Gap 2 ( G₂ phase ) and mitosis. Figure 3 Figure 3 - The G₁, S and G₂ phases are also known as interphase. The process of mitosis and cytokinesis are also called M phase. Stages of cell division Mitosis Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides to form two new identical daughter cells. The two daughter cells contain the same number of chromosomes and genetic content as their parent cell. Mitosis can be divided into 4 phases: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Figure 4 Figure 4 - 1. During prophase, chromatin condenses and becomes tightly coiled to form chromosome structure. Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined together at the centromere. At the end of prophase, nucleolus disappear and nuclear membrane disintegrates. Figure 5 Figure 5 - 2. Metaphase follows after prophase. Centrioles migrate to the opposite poles of the cell. The mitotic spindle/spindle fibres are fully formed. All the chromosomes are lined up randomly at the metaphase/equatorial plate. Metaphase ends when the centromeres divide. Figure 6 Figure 6 - 3. Anaphase begins when the sister chromatids separate at the centromere. Shortening of the spindle fibres pull the sister chromatids apart to the opposite poles. The separated chromatids are referred to as daughter chromosomes. Anaphase ends when the chromosomes reach the poles of the cell. Figure 7 Figure 7 - 4. Telophase begins when the sets of chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell respectively. The chromosomes then start to uncoil to become their original fine chromatin threads again. Nucleoli and nuclear membrane are reformed. Spindle fibres disappear and the process of mitosis is now complete. Cytokinesis follows after the telophase stage. The Differences between Mitosis and Cytokinesis in Animal and Plant Cells In plant cells, the spindle fibres form even though they do not have centrioles. The differences in the cytokinesis process in animal and plant cells can be seen in the figures below. Figure 8 Figure 8 - 1. In animal cells, the microfilaments in the cytoplasm contract pull a ring of plasma membrane inwards. The cytoplasm is constricted in the middle of the cell between two nuclei. Figure 9 Figure 9 - 2. The formation of cleavage furrow pinches at the equator of the cell. Figure 10 Figure 10 - 3. The cleavage furrow deepens progressively until the cell separates, forming two daughter cells. Figure 11 Figure 11 - 1. In plant cells, membrane-enclosed vesicles form and gather at the equator of the cell. Figure 12 Figure 12. - 2. The vesicles join together to form a cell plate. Figure 13 Figure 13 - 3. The cell plate divides the cell into two daughter cells. Cellulose produced by the cell strengthens the newly formed cell wall. The Necessity of Mitosis Controlled mitosis is important because the genetic information carried by the chromosomes is necessary for proper functioning of an organism. Mitosis is important in cell repair and regeneration. Here are some examples where mitosis plays an important role: Lizards grow new tail if their tails break Starfish replaces lost arms by mitosis Liver cells divide to replace damaged and injured tissues Stem cells culture to produce meats Animal cloning (Dolly, the sheep)

Chapter 14: Nursing Care During Stages of Labor

Some people are aware during CPR

GERMANY - 4. Life During WW2

58. Physiology of work. Changes in the body during work

Risk Management Unit Why is Risk Analysis Important? Ans: Risk Analysis helps Customs identify high-risk persons, goods and transactions while allowing legitimate trade and travel to move efficiently through ports of entry. What is Risk Profiling ? Ans: Risk Profiling is the process of identifying characteristics commonly associated with non-compliance and enforcement violations. What is Passenger Risk Analysis? Ans: Passenger Risk Analysis examines travel history, behavior, declarations, and intelligence information to identify potentially high-risk travelers. What is the advantage of intelligence-led enforcement? Ans: It allows Customs to act proactively instead of reactively What is the main objective of the Risk Management Unit? Ans: To analyze, intercept, and respond to threats affecting Customs operations. Harbour Office According to Sec 75 of the C.M.A, what must the person in charge of A Means of Transport (vessel or aircraft) ensure. Ans: That the vessel or aircraft arrives only during daylight hours. What must be provided to Customs as proof that a vessel is authorized to operate charter services in The Bahamas Ans: A copy of the Charter License What is the name of the Customs form that is issued to the necessary authorities along with supporting documents when entering a vessel into the Customs territory. Ans: Inward Report of a Vessel C2 Which Customs document is issued, along with a C28 and C37, when a vessel is clearing outbound to a foreign port or destination. Ans: Certificate of Clearance C36 Name at least 5 marinas where harbour office Officers conduct the entry and clearance of private vessels. Nassau Harbour Club Marina Nassau Yacht Haven Marina Atlantis Marina Hurricane Hole Marina Palm Cay Marina Bay Street Marina Bayshore Marina Legendary Marina LPIA What is the difference between a private aircraft and commercial aircraft? Ans: A private aircraft is operated recreationally or no exchange of money and is not regularly scheduled. Ans: A commercial aircraft is operated for compensation/remuneration and is regularly scheduled. List 2 restricted goods and 2 prohibited goods Ans: Prohibited goods: Pornography, counterfeit money, food unfit for human consumption, underwater gun, spiritual items (other than Christianity) Ans: Restricted goods: Commercial items without a business licence, firecrackers, firearms I am a passenger travelling from Miami with items my brother ordered from Amazon along with items I was given for my birthday. I did not declare them on the Exempt App and I tell the Customs Officer I have nothing to declare because I did not purchase these items myself. Am I right or wrong and why? Ans: Wrong - We still have to declare items we bring into the country even if we are bringing them on behalf of others. We are responsible for the items once they are in our possession, even if we did not actually pay for them ourselves. Regular Scheduled Flights and Charted flights are cleared on which form? Ans: C7 Pleasure Aircrafts? Ans: C7A If a passenger is travelling with a dog, which documents would they need to give to the Customs Officer and which agency is the Customs Officer acting on behalf of ? Ans: A copy of the dog permit and a Veterinarian form on behalf of the Ministry of Agriculture. Information Tech What important number is generated from the submission of and IAR? Ans: The Rotation Number which is then attached to the manifest is generated by the submission of a IAR. What is the CDR in the Arrival Reports Module used for? Ans: The CDR which stands for Cargo Discharge Report, is done once all cargo have been off loaded for a particular port. Any container or pallet short shipments are recorded at the Actual Arrival Details tab along with the date and time of completion What are the four types of Cargo found in the Manifest Module as an option? Ans : The four types of cargo found in the manifest module are Containerized, Non- Containerized, Bulk and Vehicle/Heavy equipment, boat, boat trailer What are the three ways to requests any type of changes to a submitted manifest in Click2Clear? ANS: Request Amendment, Request Cancellation and Add B/L What is the processing fee charged for changes to a submitted Manifest? ANS: 25% of the value of the shipment What is the prefix for an approved Master Sea Manifest in Click2Clear? ANS: MSTRNO What is the purpose of the IAR in the arrival report module? ANS: The Impending arrival report serves 2 purposes - It is used as a scheduling option for Arawak Cay Port Development and it also gens the Rotation Number to create a manifest. Examinations Before commencing the examination, the importer must present the examination officer with some required docs. List 2 of the docs. ANS: A copy of the bill of lading, a copy of the road tax, invoices If an importer is bringing in fruits and veggies into the country they are required to upload a copy of ANS: an agricultural permit from the Department of Agriculture. The invoices given to the examination officer must correspond with the invoices uploaded on the click2clear system ANS : TRUE What is the name of the two customs forms the importer must apply to the Comptroller of Customs to have the container removed from the port to their desired location ANS: Attendance Request C1 & Direct Delivery When the container arrives in the country, it is sealed by the Dock Officer once it comnes off the boat ANS: TRUE SCANNER UNIT What is the role of the scanner unit? ANSWS: The scanner unit enhances security and efficiency through modern tech & The scanner unit detects illegal goods and facilitates trade Which type of scanner is used ANS: Mobile scanner How do you identify high-risk cargo? ANS: Profiling, Intelligence reports, and random checks to spot suspicious shipments What are frequently smuggled items? ANS: Illegal Drugs, firearms and ammo, cigarettes and tobacco products, cash and prescription meds What type of tech is used ANS: Backscatter technology

Genetic diversity can arise as a result of mutation or during meiosis

Nursing Care of the Family During Pregnancy

Main Events during Gandhian Era

Ch.14 Nursing Care of the Family During Pregnancy lecture notes (completed)

Blood Vessels and functions of the heart during exercise

Duke

Respiration during Exercise

Pharmacology Across Lifespan: Pharmacotherapy During Pregnancy and Lactation

Chapitre 1 2. Platon Greek philosopher who believed the best society is ruled by wise and educated leaders (“philosopher-kings”). 3. Polis An independent Greek city-state with its own government and laws. 4. Aristote Greek philosopher who believed government should work for the common good and serve its citizens. 6. Aristocratie A government ruled by a small group of noble or privileged people. 7. Oligarchie A government controlled by a small group of powerful or wealthy people. 11. Bureaucratie A system where government decisions are carried out by officials and administrators. 12. Pouvoir exécutif The branch of government that enforces laws and runs the country day-to-day. 13. Parlement An elected group of representatives that makes laws. 14. Gouvernement autoritaire A government where one leader or small group holds most of the power and limits freedoms. 15. Pouvoir législatif The branch of government responsible for creating laws. 17. Pouvoir judiciaire The branch of government that interprets laws and operates the courts. 20. Nationalisme Strong pride in and loyalty to one’s nation, culture, and people. 21. Hobbes Believed people are naturally selfish and need a strong government to maintain order and security. 22. Locke Believed all people have natural rights (life, liberty, and property) that governments must protect. 23. Rousseau Believed political power comes from the people and governments should follow the “general will” of society. 25. Constitutionnalisme The principle that government power is limited by a constitution and laws. 26. Adam Smith Father of capitalism; believed free markets and competition create wealth and prosperity. 30. Marx Believed capitalism creates inequality because the rich control production; supported a classless society. 31. La bourgeoisie In Marxism, the wealthy class that owns businesses and the means of production. 37. Monarchie héréditaire A monarchy where power passes from one family member to another through inheritance. 38. Magna Carta A document signed in 1215 that limited the king’s power and established that everyone must follow the law. 40. Rapatrié The return of people, cultural objects, or remains to their country or homeland. 41. Représentation proportionnelle An electoral system where parties receive seats in proportion to the percentage of votes they earn. ⸻ Chapitre 1 (suite) 43. Coup d’État The sudden and often illegal removal of a government from power. 45. Totalitarisme A system where the government controls nearly every aspect of society, politics, and daily life. 48. Référendum A direct vote by citizens to accept or reject a law or political proposal. 49. Organisation non gouvernementale (ONG) An independent organization that works on social, humanitarian, or international issues without being controlled by a government. ⸻ Chapitre 2 1. Idéologie politique A set of beliefs and values about how government and society should function. 2. Libéralisme An ideology that values individual rights, freedom, democracy, and equality before the law. 3. Conservatisme An ideology that values tradition, stability, and gradual change rather than rapid reform. 4. Échiquier politique A spectrum used to compare political beliefs, usually from left to right. 5. Centriste A person whose political views are moderate and fall between the left and right. 7. Libertarianisme The belief that people should have maximum personal freedom and government should have very limited power. 11. Égalitariste A person who believes everyone should have equal rights, opportunities, and treatment. 12. Utilitarisme The idea that decisions should create the greatest happiness or benefit for the greatest number of people. 16. Syndicats Organizations that represent workers and protect their rights, wages, and working conditions. 17. Totalitarisme A political system where the state has complete control over society and citizens. 18. Anarchisme The belief that society can function without a government or centralized authority. 19. Communisme A system where property and resources are collectively owned and social classes no longer exist. 21. Socialisme An economic and political system where important industries are owned or controlled by society or the government to reduce inequality. 23. Syndicalisation The process of joining or creating a labour union. 24. Socialisme démocratique An ideology that supports democracy while using government policies to reduce economic inequality. 28. Adam Smith Believed economic freedom, competition, and free trade benefit society. 29. Capitalisme An economic system based on private ownership, profit, competition, and free markets. ⸻ Chapitre 2 (suite) 30. Mercantilisme The belief that a country becomes richer by controlling trade and exporting more than it imports. 31. Laisser-faire An economic idea that government should interfere as little as possible in the economy. 32. Fascisme An extreme authoritarian ideology that promotes nationalism, obedience to the state, and strong centralized power. 36. Libre-échange Trade between countries with few or no tariffs, taxes, or restrictions. 37. Privatisation The transfer of a government-owned business or service to private ownership. 41. Nationaliser To transfer a private company or industry into government ownership. 46. Féminisme A movement and ideology that seeks equal rights and opportunities for all genders. 47. Mouvement social A group of people working together to create social or political change. 51. Écologisme A movement and ideology focused on protecting the environment and promoting sustainability. 54. Justice sociale Chapitre 3 1. Désobéissance civile The peaceful and deliberate breaking of a law to protest something considered unjust. 2. Religion civile Shared beliefs, symbols, and values that unite a nation and create a sense of national identity. 3. Religion d’État A religion that is officially recognized and supported by a government. 4. Diaspora A group of people living outside their ancestral homeland while maintaining ties to their culture. 5. L’Holocauste The genocide of approximately six million Jews by Nazi Germany during World War II. 6. Djihad In Islam, a struggle or effort in the service of God; it can refer to a personal spiritual struggle or, in some cases, armed defense of the faith. 7. Théocratie A form of government where religious leaders rule and religious law guides the state. 8. Suffrage The right to vote in elections. 9. Siècle des Lumières An intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, science, and individual rights. 10. La séparation de l’Église et de l’État The principle that government and religious institutions should remain independent from one another. 11. Dogme A principle or belief accepted as unquestionably true by a religion or ideology. 12. Fondamentalisme A movement that seeks a strict return to the original principles of a religion. 13. Démographie The study of populations, including their size, growth, and characteristics. 14. Sionisme A political movement supporting the creation and preservation of a Jewish homeland in Israel. The idea that society should be fair and provide equal rights, opportunities, and access to resources.

Chapter 13- Fetal Assessment During Labor

Ethics: The study of morality and the difference between right and wrong. Epistemology: The study and theory of knowledge. Metaphysics: The purpose of why things exist. What must be fulfilled? Why do we exist? Pre-Socrates: The very first thinkers in Western philosophy, active in ancient Greece during the 6th and 5th centuries BCE. They are called "Pre-Socratic" because they lived and wrote before Socrates. Thales: Water was the fundamental substance for all life. Anaximander: First to make a map Pythagoras: The father of mathematics Heraclitus: Fundamental substance was fire. He believed everything changes. Permenides: Believed everything did not change. Socrates Plato (Forms) Aristotle (The Observer) Came up with the cave theory. The Physical Realm: The world we see and touch. Everything here is temporary, constantly changing, and flawed. The Realm of Forms: An invisible, unchanging world where the perfect, ideal versions of everything exist. Women possess the same mental capacities as men and should be allowed to rule, he also consistently referred to women as the "weaker" sex. (The soul has no gender) Head/Reasoning: This is the seat of reason, logic, and intellect. It seeks the ultimate truth, makes calculated decisions, and distinguishes between what is real and what is an illusion. The Chest/Spirit: this is the seat of emotion, courage, pride, and willpower. It is the part of you that gets angry at injustice, drives you to overcome challenges, and seeks honor or social recognition. The Abdomen/Appetite: This is the seat of basic physical desires and instincts. It drives cravings for food, drink, sex, wealth, and material comforts. It is purely driven by pleasure and lacks any logical restraint. Hylomorphism (the theory that everything is a mix of matter and form). 1. Material cause, or the elements out of which an object is created; 2. Efficient cause, or the means by which it is created; 3. Formal cause, or the expression of what it is; 4. Final cause, or the end for which it is. He argued that knowledge must come from sensory experience and careful observation, not just pure meditation. Rationalism vs Empiricism (How do we know things) Rationalism (Plato) Empiricism The intellect, logic, and deductive reasoning. Rationalists believe humans are born with "innate ideas"—built-in concepts, truths, or structures inside the mind that we don't need to learn from the outside world (e.g., mathematical truths, the concept of God, or basic laws of logic). Empiricists argue that the ultimate source of all knowledge is sensory experience—what we can see, hear, touch, taste, and smell. They believe that if you cannot observe or measure something, you cannot truly know it. Logic for reasoning Deductive Reasoning Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning starts with a general statement, theory, or universal rule and narrows it down to a specific conclusion. If your initial rules are true, your conclusion must be true.🔺 Inductive reasoning starts with specific observations or data points and broadens them out to form a general rule or theory. 🔻 Fallicies Ad Hominem: Attacking the opponent’s character, looks, or personality instead of their argument. Straw Man: Misrepresenting, exaggerating, or oversimplifying an opponent’s argument to make it easier to attack. Bandwagon Appeal (Ad Populum): Arguing that something must be true, right, or good simply because a large number of people believe it. Non Sequitur: (A statement that does not logically follow from what preceded it; a conclusion that does not follow from the premises.): “Person ‘A’ is incredibly athletic. Her siblings must be very athletic as well.” Appeal to tradition: If it's a tradition, then it must be true. Appeal to popularity: When someone argues that a claim must be true, right, or good simply because a large number of people believe it or do it. Groupthink is when a group of people makes really bad decisions because everyone cares more about fitting in and keeping the peace than finding the actual truth. Instead of thinking for themselves, people just go along with what the group leader or the majority says. Consequentialism says that an action is good if it brings about a good result. The action itself isn't good or bad; you have to wait and see how it turns out. "The ends justify the means." Non-Consequentialism (also called Deontology) says that some actions are just inherently right or wrong, no matter what the outcome is. You have a duty to follow moral rules. Carl Rogers defined a fully functioning person as someone who is completely in touch with their true desires and feelings, and is actively working to reach their full potential

Sand dunes

Muscle Activation Patterns during Normal Gait

external knee frontal moments and muscle activity during stance phase