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anatomy lecture 2 What are the three major divisions of the brain? What structures make up the brainstem? What is the largest portion of the brain? To which structure is the cerebellum attached? What does the brainstem connect? ⸻ Answers Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata Cerebrum Brainstem Brain to spinal cord ⸻ Section 2 — Lobes of the Brain How many lobes are in each cerebral hemisphere? Name the four lobes of the brain. Which lobe controls voluntary movement? Which lobe controls sensation? Which lobe controls hearing? Which lobe controls vision? Which lobe is located posterior to the parietal lobe? Which lobe lies anterior to the central sulcus? Which lobe lies posterior to the central sulcus? ⸻ Answers Four Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Occipital lobe Frontal lobe Parietal lobe ⸻ Section 3 — Sulci and Fissures What is a sulcus? What is a gyrus? What is a fissure? What does the central sulcus separate? What does the lateral sulcus separate? What does the longitudinal fissure separate? ⸻ Answers A groove A ridge A deep groove Frontal and parietal lobes Temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes Right and left cerebral hemispheres ⸻ Section 4 — Corpus Callosum and White Matter What is the corpus callosum? What does the corpus callosum connect? What type of tissue is the corpus callosum composed of? What type of fibres connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres? What type of fibres connect areas within the same hemisphere? What type of fibres connect the brain to the spinal cord? What structure contains projection fibres linking the cortex to the brainstem? ⸻ Answers A bundle of nerve fibres Right and left cerebral hemispheres White matter Commissural fibres Association fibres Projection fibres Internal capsule ⸻ Section 5 — Cerebellum and Brainstem What is the function of the cerebellum? Where is the cerebellum located relative to the brainstem? Which part of the brainstem controls breathing and heart rate? Name three automatic functions controlled by the brainstem. ⸻ Answers Coordination and balance Posterior to the brainstem Medulla oblongata Breathing, heart rate, reflexes ⸻ Section 6 — Meninges and CSF (Very High Yield) Name the three layers of the meninges from outermost to innermost
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Mahatma Gandhi used Satyagraha, which means "truth force," to fight for freedom without using violence. In 1930, he led the Salt March to protest a British tax on salt. He and thousands of others walked 390 km to the sea to make their own salt. Even though 60,000 people were arrested, their peaceful protest forced the British to change the law and helped unite India. India’s caste system is an ancient social hierarchy that’s over 3,000 years old. It traditionally divided people into groups based on their jobs and family background. Think of it like a ladder: • Brahmins: Teachers and priests (at the top). • Kshatriyas: Warriors and rulers. • Vaishyas: Traders and farmers. • Shudras: Laborers and workers. • Dalits: Historically called "untouchables," they were kept outside the system and faced the harshest treatment. "English is still used in India today mainly because of its colonial history, which established it as the language of government and law. After independence, it remained a neutral common language that allows people from different regions to communicate. Today, English is essential for success, as it is the main language for higher education, technology, and international business." India is a huge country with over 1.4 billion people. The capital is New Delhi, but cities like Mumbai and Bangalore are also very famous. While many languages are spoken, Hindi and English are the most common. The culture is known for Hinduism, the greeting "Namaste," and delicious spicy food like curry and naan. When it comes to sports, cricket is the absolute favorite, followed by football and chess
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