Intro to Organic

What are the common features of compounds in a specific homologous series (5)

• Trends in physical properties

• Similar chemical properties

• Same functional group

• Same general formula

• Members differ by a CH2 unit

What is this and give its suffix

An aldehyde (-al)

What is this and give its suffix

Ketone (-one)

What is this

An ether

How would you name a molecule containing an -OH group as well as another group

Use the suffix hydroy- instead of -ol

Explain the meaning of molecular formula

Represents the number of each sort of atoms present in the molecule

Explain the meaning of empirical formula

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a substance

Explain the meaning of displayed formula

Shows all the individual bonds and atoms in the molecule

What is meant by structural isomerism

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

What are the 3 types of structural isomers

• Chain

• Positional

• Functional group

What is a chain isomer

When the carbon backbone has been changed

What is a position isomer

When the position of a functional group has been changed

What is a functional group isomer

When the type of functional group has changed

Give 3 examples of common functional group isomers

• alkenes and cycloalkanes

• Carboxylic acids and esters

• Ethers and alcohols

Explain the meaning of stereoisomerism

Molecules that have the same molecular and structural formula but different spacial arrangements of atoms

What are the 2 types of stereoisomerism

Geometric and optical

When do geometric isomers occur

When there is a double carbon bond and 2 different groups on each of the carbon atoms that make up the double bond

How do you distinguish between E isomers and Z isomers

• If the atoms with the highest priority (atomic number) are on the same side on each end of the C=C, it is a Z-isomer

• If the atoms with the highest priority (atomic number are on different sides, it is an E-isomer