Bacterial Cell Structure and Functions

This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts related to bacterial cell structure and functions.

What surrounds the cytoplasm and controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell? (In some bacteria)

Cytoplasmic (cell) membrane.

What is cytoplasm?

Water-based solution fill the entire cell (found in all bacteria)

What is the function of fimbriae in bacteria?

helps in adhesion to other cells and surfaces. Looks like fine hair like bristles, expanding from the cell surface. (Found in some Bacteria)

What is a bacterial chromosome or nucleoid?

It is composed of condensed DNA molecules that direct genetics and heredity of the cell and codes for all proteins. (In some bacteria)

What are ribosomes responsible for?

are the sites of protein synthesis.Composed of protein and RNA. (In some bacteria)

What provides structural support and shape for the bacterial cell?

Cell wall. (In some bacteria)

What is the role of the capsule in bacteria?

(tan) serves protective, adhesive, and receptor functions. Also known as slime layer and glycocalyx. (In some bacteria)

What is the function of the bacterium's outer membrane?

It controls the flow of materials and portions of it are toxic to mammals when released.(In some bacteria)

What does Actin cytoskeleton do in bacteria?

They are long fibers of proteins that encircle cell, It contributes to the shape of the cell.(In some bacteria)

What are inclusion/granules?

Stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen deposited in dense crystals or particles.(In some bacteria)

What is an endospore?

A dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in adverse conditions.(In some bacteria not shown)

What is a plasmid?

A double-stranded DNA circle containing extra genes.(In some bacteria)

What are nanowires/nanotubes in bacteria?

Thin tubular membrane extensions that allow bacteria to transmit electrons or nutrients.

What is the function of the flagellum?

It is a Specialized pendant attached to the cell by basal body that holds a long filament. It provides motility by pushing the cell forward. (In some bacteria)

What are bacterial microcompartments?

Protein-coated packets used to localize enzymes and other proteins in the cytoplasm.(In some bacteria)

What is a s layer in the context of some bacteria?

A single layer of protein used for protection and/or attachment.