HL Topic 15: Developments in South Africa

Group Areas Act

A key piece of apartheid legislation passed by Malan in 1950 assigned racial groups to specific geographic areas, restricting where individuals could live and work based on their race.

Mixed Marriage Act

1949 legislation passed by Malan prohibited marriages between different racial groups, reinforcing apartheid's racial segregation policies.

Immortality Act

Legislation enacted in 1950 by Malan prohibited sexual relations and marriages between white South Africans and individuals of other racial groups, further entrenching apartheid's racial divisions.

Native Representations Act

Legislation passed in 1936 by Hertzog aimed to limit the political representation of Black South Africans in Parliament, further solidifying the disenfranchisement and marginalization of non-white populations.

Native Urban Areas Act

Legislation enacted in 1923 by Smuts regulated the movement and settlement of Black South Africans in urban areas, enforcing residential segregation and restricting their rights in cities.

Population Registration Act

Legislation enacted in 1950 by Malan classified South Africans by race, forming the basis for apartheid policies and enforcement.

Mines and Works Act

Legislation passed in 1911 by Botha that restricted job opportunities for Black South Africans in the mining and industrial sectors, reinforcing economic segregation and discrimination.

Mines and Works Amendment

of 1956, legislation that further entrenched racial discrimination in the mining industry, imposing job reservation policies favoring white workers and limiting opportunities for Black laborers.

Bantu Educations Act

Legislation enacted in 1953 by Malan established a separate and inferior education system for Black South Africans, designed to limit their opportunities and reinforce apartheid ideology.

Bantu Authorities Act

Legislation passed in 1951 by Malan aimed to create a system of local government for Black South Africans, consolidating the apartheid policy by establishing tribal authorities and limiting political rights.

Native Lands Act

Legislation enacted in 1913 by Botha restricted Black South Africans' land ownership, designating only a small percentage of land for their use and reinforcing racial segregation.

Native Administrations Act

Legislation enacted in 1927 by Hertzog established a framework for administering Black South Africans, promoting indirect rule through tribal authorities while limiting their political rights and autonomy.

Native Trust and Lands Act

Legislation passed in 1936 by Smuts aimed to increase the amount of land allocated to Black South Africans while still reinforcing the system of racial segregation and control over their land use.

Asiatic Land Tenure Act

Legislation enacted in 1946 by Smuts restricted land ownership for Indian and other Asian South Africans, further entrenching racial segregation and limiting their economic opportunities.

Separation of Amenities Act

Legislation passed in 1953 by Verowoerd mandated the segregation of public facilities based on race, reinforcing the apartheid system in South Africa.

Separation of Voters Act

Legislation enacted in 1951 by Veroerd restricted voting rights to White South Africans only, further entrenching racial discrimination in the political system.

Hendrick Verowerd

South African politician and key architect of grand apartheid policies, serving as Prime Minister from 1958 until his assassination in 1966.

Malan

South African Prime Minister from 1948 to 1954, instrumental in the establishment of apartheid policies.

Nelson Mandela

Prominent anti-apartheid revolutionary and leader of the African National Congress. He served as South Africa's first Black president from 1994 to 1999 and was a global symbol of peace and reconciliation.

Albert Lithuli

A South African anti-apartheid activist and the first African to receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 1960, he was a leader of the African National Congress (ANC)

African National Congress (ANC)

A political party in South Africa that played a crucial role in the anti-apartheid movement, advocating for racial equality and democratic governance.

Defiance Campaign

A mass protest movement launched by the ANC in 1952 against apartheid laws, encouraging civil disobedience and nonviolent resistance.

MK

The armed wing of the African National Congress, founded in 1961 to carry out acts of sabotage against the apartheid regime.

Sharpeville Massacre

A tragic event in 1960 where South African police opened fire on a peaceful protest against apartheid pass laws, resulting in numerous deaths and injuries.

Soweto Uprising

A series of protests led by black schoolchildren in 1976 against the mandatory use of Afrikaans in schools, resulting in violent clashes with police.

Boer

A term referring to the Dutch settlers in South Africa, particularly those who descended from the original settlers of the Cape Colony and played a significant role in the history of South Africa, including conflicts with the British and indigenous populations.

Kruger

A prominent Boer leader and President of the South African Republic, known for his role in the Second Boer War and efforts to maintain Boer independence.

Cecile Rhodes

A British imperialist and businessman who played a key role in the colonization of southern Africa and served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony. He was a proponent of British expansion and founded the De Beers diamond company.

De Beers Dimaonds

A company founded by Cecil Rhodes that became the world's leading diamond company, significantly influencing the diamond industry and South African economy.

Suppression of Communism Act