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STP
0 degrees celcius, 1 atm
Standard molar volume
22.4 L = 1 mol
ideal gas law formula
pv = nrt
atm r constant
0.0821
mmhg and torr r constant
62.4
kpa r constant
8.314
dalton’s law of partial pressure
total pressure equals sum of individual pressures
graham’s law
rate a/ rate b = sqrt(molar mass b/molar mass a)
Gas stoich, if you want liters of gas
do stoich then use ideal gas
gas stoich if you are given liters
use ideal gas law then use stoich
types of energy(6)
radiant, thermal, chemical, nuclear, potential, kinetic
heat(def)
the transfer of thermal energy between 2 bodies that are at different temperatures
thermochemistry def
the study of heat changes in chemical reactions
chemical potential energy
energy stored in a substance based on composition(the more bonds the more chemical potential energy)
enthalpy def
heat content of a system
endothermic(enthalpy)
positive enthalpy because heat is being absorbed)
exothermic(what happens to enthalpy)
negative enthalpy because heat is being released
energy of reactants
a
energy of products
f
activation energy
b
activation energy def
the minimum energy required to start the reaction
activated complex
d
heat of reaction(change in enthalpy)
c
if reactants have more energy than the products is it endothermic or exothermic
exothermic
if the reactants have less energy than the products is it endothermic or exothermic
endothermic
catalyst
substance that increases the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation energy
heat conversions
1 calorie = 4.184 Joules; 1 Calorie = 1000 calories
specific heat def
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of the substance by 1c or 1K
specific heat units
J/gC or J/gK or J/KgC or J/kgK
specific heat of water
4.18 J/gC
calorimetry def
the measurement of the heat flow that occurs during a chemical process
calorimeter
a well insulated instrument that measured the absorption or release of heat in chemical or physical processes
what happens to temperature during a phase change
CONSTANT
what happens to temperature when heating and cooling
temp CHANGES
boiling phase change formula
Q = nHvaporization
phase change melting formula
Q = nHfusion
Coffee cup calorimeter
thermometer records temperature change as the chemicals react in the water, temperature change is converted into units of energy
Bomb calorimeter
food sample is lit on fire it burns until completely gone. heat from the sample is released and heates up the water. temp change is converted into units of energy
entropy
measure of disorder or randomness in a system. nature favors a disordered state. posiitive entropy, more disorder, negative entropy, less disorder
Note
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