Module 4 – Internal Cavity Thorax Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

For my beloved gf

Right Atrium

Receives blood from the superior vena cava.

Right Ventricle

Pumps blood to the pulmonary arteries.

Left Atrium

More muscular than the right atrium, receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.

Left Ventricle

More muscular than the right ventricle as it pumps blood out to the body.

Interventricular Septum

Muscular wall separating the right and left ventricles.

Interventricular Groove

Also known as the anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus, located outside of the heart, separates the left from the right ventricle.

Right Auricle

Ear-shaped appendage of the right atrium, stores blood.

Left Auricle

Ear-shaped appendage of the left atrium, stores blood.

Chordae Tendineae

Small tendons that hold atrioventricular valves in place and connect them to papillary muscles.

Papillary Muscles

Prevent backflow of blood by holding atrioventricular valves in place.

Trabeculae Carneae

Muscular ridges within the ventricles.

Pulmonary Valve

Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk, prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle.

Left Atrioventricular Valve

Prevents backflow of blood between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Right Atrioventricular Valve

Located between the right atrium and right ventricle, prevents backflow into the atrium.

Aortic Valve

Located between the left ventricle and the aorta, prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle.

Epicardium

Outermost layer of the heart, also known as the visceral pericardium, shiny appearance.

Myocardium

Middle muscular layer of the heart, responsible for the heart's pumping action.

Endocardium

Inner lining of the heart, composed of endothelium.

Aorta

Transports blood from the left ventricle to the body.

Aortic Arch

Curvature of the aorta distributing blood from the heart to major arteries.

Pulmonary Artery

Carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Pulmonary Veins

Transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Caudal Vena Cava

Returns deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body to the heart.

Cranial Vena Cava

Returns deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body to the heart.

Brachiocephalic Artery

Supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck.

Left Common Carotid Artery

Supplies blood to the left side of the head and neck.

Left Subclavian Artery

Supplies blood to the left arm, continues as the axillary artery after crossing the thoracic wall.

Right Subclavian Artery

Supplies blood to the right arm, continues as the axillary artery after crossing the thoracic wall.

Right Common Carotid Artery

Supplies blood to the right side of the head and neck.

Coronary Arteries

Supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

Right Brachiocephalic Vein

Drains blood from the right arm and head, continues as the axillary vein.

Left Brachiocephalic Vein

Drains blood from the left arm and head, continues as the axillary vein.

Right External Jugular Vein

Drains blood from the right side of the head and neck.

Left External Jugular Vein

Drains blood from the left side of the head and neck.

Trachea

Air passage extending from the larynx into the thorax, splitting into two primary bronchi.

Primary Bronchi

First branch off the trachea, leading into each lung.

Lung

Comprised of seven total lobes, involved in gas exchange.

Left Lung

Includes anterior (cranial) lobe, middle lobe, and posterior (caudal) lobe.

Right Lung

Includes anterior (cranial) lobe, middle lobe, posterior (caudal) lobe, and mediastinal (accessory, or azygos) lobe.

Diaphragm

Muscular structure separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities, aids in respiration.