AP Gov Chapter 5 Civil Rights and 16 Economic Policy

Fiscal Policy

intentional government action to help with economic instability

Who makes fiscal policy

Federal Government, not federal reserve

Fiscal policy tools

spending and taxes

Monetary Policy

policy run by the federal reserve that impacts the supply of money to impact the economy

Who makes monetary policy

federal reserve

Monetary Policy tools

interest rates

Entitlements

Laissez-Faire Economics

doctrine that states the government should have little role in the economy

Demand-Side/Keynesian Economics

focuses on consumer spending (aggregate demand)
uses government spending to encourage consumer spending (and indirectly causing higher taxes)
more democrat supported

Supply-Side/Trickle-Down Economics

focuses on business production
lower taxes to lower costs of production (LOWER GOVERNMENT SPENDING)
more Republican supported

Why is supply-side economics called trickle down economics

because the wealthy businesses with their lower taxes will trickle down their benefits to lower class

Brown v. Board of Education significance

decides segregation was now illegal
made sure schools were desegregated with “all deliberate speed”

What part of the Constitution did Brown v. Board of Education use

14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause -

14th Amendment all protections

Equal Protection Clause
Due Process Clause
Birthright Citizenship (ADD MORE FOR ALL)

Right to privacy

“right to be left alone” by the governent.
relates to the 4th, 5th, and 14th amendments (never explicitly stated in the Const. though)

How Commerce Clause was used with Civil Rights

If segregation was affecting interstate commerce, Congress could strike it down using Commerce Clause

Civil Disobedience

refusal to comply with certain laws
refusal to pay taxes and ines as a form of political protest

5 Major Ideas of the Letter from a Birmingham Jail

1. There are 2 different types of laws: Just and Unjust

2. You should follow just laws and not follow unjust laws

3. Injustice leads to more injustice

4. Direct action is needed because it creates tension uneasily ignored that leads to negotiation

5. Civil Rights movement cannot wait, delayed justice is denied justice

How does Letter from a Birmingham Jail relate to Civil Disobedience

MLK encouraged civil disobedience in his letter only when the laws are unjust

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Outlawed discrimination based on Race, Ethnicity, Religion, or Sex in voter registration, public accomodations that impact interstate comerce, and in employment

What else did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do

federal government can sue to desegregate schools

strengthened the Civil Rights Commission

Government can withhold federal funds from discriminatory programs

What Amendment did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 use

14th amendment

What did Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 involve

prohibits discrimination in employment, in race, color, religion, gender, and national origin

executive orders enforced this

What did Title IX of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 involve

prohibited discrimination in educational institutions, involving gender

What is Title IX known for

providing equal opportunities for sports and scholarships for women

Voting Rights Act of 1965

1. Outlawed voter registration tests and poll taxes

2. Required federal voter registration and set federally followed voting process

Which amendment does the Voting Rights Act of 1965 relate to

15th amendment and 24th amendment

17th amendment

direct election of senators

22nd amendment

set 2 terms for president

Suffrage Movement

focused on getting women the right to vote, and involved litigation and civil disobedience

Affirmative Action

policies and programs aimed at promoting equal opportunity and diversity in areas such as employment and education

What did affirmative action programs do

give special consideration to historically underrepresented groups like women and minorities in an effort to address past discrimination and promote diversity