cosmetic chem basics

https://nifglobal.college/blog/beauty-product-creation-understanding-the-basics-of-cosmetic-formulation/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

emulsion

A mixture of oil and water stabilized by an emulsifier

emulsifiers

Ingredients that allow oil and water to mix by reducing surface tension

What is pH and why does it matter in skincare

pH measures acidity/alkalinity; skin products are usually kept around pH 4.5–5.5 to avoid irritation.

humectants

Ingredients that attract water to the skin

emollients

Ingredients that soften and smooth skin by filling in gaps between skin cells

occlusives

Ingredients that prevent moisture loss by forming a barrier on the skin

What is a preservative and why is it necessary?

Prevents growth of bacteria, mold, and yeast, ensuring product safety.

What happens if a cosmetic product lacks preservatives?

It can grow harmful microbes, especially in water-based products.

surfactants

Cleansing agents that remove dirt and oil by allowing water to interact with oil

What is the difference between physical and chemical exfoliants?

Physical exfoliants scrub; chemical exfoliants dissolve dead skin using acids or enzymes.

active ingredients

ngredients that directly affect the skin’s function

retinol

A vitamin A derivative used to promote cell turnover and reduce signs of aging.

antioxidants in cosmetics

Ingredients that protect skin from free radical damage

What does “non-comedogenic” mean

Formulated to not clog pores.

stability testing

Testing products over time to ensure they don’t separate, degrade, or lose effectiveness.

What role does fragrance play in cosmetics

Enhances user experience but may cause irritation for sensitive skin.

What are silicones used for in cosmetics?

To improve texture, spreadability, and create a smooth feel

What is SPF and how does it work?

Sun Protection Factor; measures protection against UVB rays using chemical or mineral filters.

Why is cosmetic chemistry regulated?

to ensure consumer safety, product labeling accuracy, and ingredient compliance.