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Which immunoglobulin is typically found in external secretions such as saliva and tears?
a. IgA
b. IgE
c. IgG
d. IgM
a. IgA
Which of the following does NOT characterize T lymphocyte function?
a. Produce and secrete immunoglobulins
b. Develop killer cells that produce cytokines
c. Suppress the immune response
d. Develop helper cells
a. Produce and secrete immunoglobulins
Of the circulating lymphocytes in peripheral blood, which are in the greatest percentages (80%)?
a. B lymphocytes
b. T lymphocytes
c. Plasma cells
d. Macrophage
b. T lymphocytes
In certain disease states, what is the process in which antibodies are made to “self” antigens?
a. Autoimmune disease
b. Infection
c. Inflammatory response
d. Phagocytosis
a. Autoimmune disease
The primary requirement for a substance to be an antigen in a particular individual is that it must:
a. Have a large molecular weight
b. Be composed of protein and polysaccharide
c. Be different from “self”
d. Have several different combining sites
c. Be different from “self”
Which of the following immunoglobulins is found in the greatest amounts in the serum but is the smallest in size?
a. IgA
b. IgD
c. IgG
d. IgM
c. IgG
Which of the following immunoglobulins can cross the placenta and therefore provides passive immunity to the infant for the first few months of life?
a. IgA
b. IgD
c. IgG
d. IgM
c. IgG
Which of the following is true about immunoglobulins?
a. Produced by T lymphocytes
b. Produced by B lymphocytes
c. Purified (cloned) from a single ancestral cell
d. Derived from the thymus and influenced by thymic hormones
b. Produced by B lymphocytes
Which of the following antibodies result from exposure to antigenic material from another species?
a. Heteroantibodies
b. Alloantibodies
c. Isoantibodies
d. More than one of the above
a. Heteroantibodies
Which of the following substances gain antigenicity only when coupled to a protein carrier?
a. Agglutinins
b. Agglutinogens
c. Haptens
d. Opsonins
c. Haptens
In the first phase of a primary antibody response, the most notable characteristic would be:
a. Higher titer of IgG
b. Higher titer of IgM
c. Long lag time
d. Mostly IgM antibody produced
b. Higher titer of IgM
Complement plays an important role in immunology for all the following reasons EXCEPT:
a. It triggers the ultimate formation of the membrane attack complex.
b. It can result in a hemolytic transfusion reaction in an incompatible ABO transfusion.
c. Some of the components can be assayed for diagnostic purposes.
d. It circulates in the blood in an active form waiting to be called into action.
d. It circulates in the blood in an active form waiting to be called into action.
Type II hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
a. Bee venom
b. Antibodies (IgM, IgG)
c. IgE antibodies
d. Nickel allergy
b. Antibodies (IgM, IgG)
Type III hypersensitivity reactions associated with immune complexes include:
a. Autoimmune disorder
b. Neoplastic disorder
c. Infectious disease
d. All the above
a. Autoimmune disorder
A type IV hypersensitivity reaction can be caused by: a. Nickel b. Incompatible blood transfusion c. Bacterial contamination of water d. An autoimmune disorder
After latex exposure in a person who is allergic to latex, a reaction typically occurs within:
a. 30 minutes
b. 2 hours
c. 48 hours
d. 1 week
a. 30 minutes
Which of the following is the visible result of an antigen-antibody reaction between a soluble antigen and its specific antibody?
a. Sensitization
b. Precipitation
c. Agglutination
d. Complement fixation
b. Precipitation
Which of the following is used to confirm a positive screening result in testing a patient for HIV antibody?
a. ELISA
b. Immunofluorescent assay
c. Western blot
d. Northern blot
c. Western blot
The heterophil antibody produced in infectious mononucleosis is of which immunoglobulin class?
a. IgA
b. IgD
c. IgG
d. IgM
d. IgM
Which of the following is not a characteristic of heterophil antibodies produced in infectious mononucleosis?
a. Absorbed by guinea pig kidney cells
b. Not absorbed by guinea pig kidney cells
c. Absorbed by beef red cells
d. React with horse, ox, and sheep red cells
a. Absorbed by guinea pig kidney cells
During the “window phase” of HBV infection, which of the following may be the only detectable marker?
a. Anti-HBc
b. Anti-HBe
c. Anti-HBs
d. HBsAg
a. Anti-HBc
When the antigen-antibody complex occurs, agglutination takes place only if the antigen:
a. Is a particle such as a bacterium or blood cell
b. Is soluble
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
a. Is a particle such as a bacterium or blood cell
The rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis cannot be associated with which immunoglobulin?
a. IgA
b. IgM
c. IgG
d. None of the above
d. None of the above
An important screening test for systemic lupus erythematosus is for:
a. Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs)
b. C3 levels c.
C4 levels
d. Cryoglobulins
a. Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs)
