Fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cells
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Cell Membrane
Thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
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Nucleus
In cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA.
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Eukaryote
Organism whose cells contain a nucleus.
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Prokaryote
Unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus.
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Cytoplasm
In eukaryotic cells, all cellular contents outside the nucleus; In prokaryotic cells, all of the cells' contents
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Organelle
Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell.
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Vacuole
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
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Lysosome
Cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.
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Cytoskeleton
Network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement.
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Centriole
Structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division.
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Ribosome
Cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled.
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Golgi Apparatus
Organelle in cells that magnifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.
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Chloroplast
Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.
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Mitochondrion
Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
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Cell Wall
Strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells.
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Lipid Bilayer
Flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
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Selectively Permeable
Property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane.