ANAT&PHYS Tissue and Cells

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What muscle tissue controls digestion

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1

What muscle tissue controls digestion

Smooth muscle.

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2

What muscle is voluntary

Skeletal muscle.

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3

What does skeletal muscle do

Moves bones and enables voluntary movement.

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4

What muscle moves the face

Facial muscles, specifically skeletal muscles.

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5

What is unique about cardiac muscle

It contracts rhythmically without needing external stimulation.

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6

Which muscle has branching cells

Cardiac muscle.

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7

What is the heart's muscle called

Myocardium.

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8

What muscle moves hollow organs

Smooth muscle.

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9

What muscle type causes peristalsis

Smooth muscle.

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10

How are smooth muscle cells shaped

Spindle-shaped.

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11

What restores function: regeneration or fibrosis

Regeneration.

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12

What affects healing: injury location or tissue type

Tissue type.

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13

What does granulation tissue support

Wound healing by providing a base for new tissue formation.

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14

Which muscle tissue regenerates poorly

Cardiac muscle.

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15

What tissue type does NOT help with respiration

Epithelial tissue.

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16

What does connective tissue support

Provides structural and metabolic support for other tissues and organs.

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17

What is the extracellular matrix

A network of proteins and other molecules that provides support to cells.

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18

What connective fiber is elastic

Elastic fibers.

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19

What fiber is collagen

Collagen fibers, providing strength and structure.

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20

What cells are in cartilage

Chondrocytes.

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21

Which cartilage is most common

Hyaline cartilage.

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22

What is fibrocartilage's function

Provides shock absorption, especially in intervertebral discs.

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23

What stores fat

Adipose tissue.

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24

What are chondrocytes

Cells that produce and maintain cartilage.

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25

What tissue is compressible

Cartilage, particularly fibrocartilage.

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26

What tissue cushions the vertebrae

Fibrocartilage in intervertebral discs.

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27

What's the main element in dense connective tissue

Collagen fibers.

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28

What does blood do

Transports nutrients, gases, and waste.

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29

What does mRNA do

Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

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30

What connects DNA triplets to mRNA codons

Transcription.

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31

What are the mRNA codons for AAT-CGT-TCG

UUA-GCA-AGC.

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32

Define epithelial tissue

Tissue that covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands.

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33

What are the four main body tissues

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

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34

What is NOT an epithelial function

Contraction.

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35

What is epithelial tissue specialized for

Protection, absorption, filtration, and secretion.

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36

What epithelial tissue lines the lungs

Simple squamous epithelium.

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37

What is simple columnar epithelium for

Absorption and secretion, especially in the digestive tract.

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38

What does transitional epithelium do

Allows the bladder to stretch and expand.

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39

What is a selectively permeable membrane

A membrane that allows certain substances to pass while restricting others.

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40

What transport uses ATP

Active transport.

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41

What transport doesn't need energy

Passive transport (e.g., diffusion).

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42

What moves water across a membrane

Osmosis.

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43

What happens to cells in hypertonic solutions

They shrink due to water loss.

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44

What drives diffusion

Concentration gradient.

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45

What does facilitated diffusion move

Molecules across the membrane via protein channels.

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46

What does filtration do in kidneys

Removes waste from the blood.

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47

What moves substances against a gradient

Active transport.

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48

What does the sodium-potassium pump do

Moves sodium out of and potassium into cells against their concentration gradients.

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49

What does exocytosis do

Releases substances out of the cell.

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50

What is phagocytosis called

Cell "eating."

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51

What do cilia do in the respiratory system

Move mucus and trapped particles out of the airways.

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52

How does cell shape affect function

Cell shape is often related to its specific function.

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53

How many types of cells are in the body

Over 200 types.

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54

What do microvilli increase

Surface area for absorption.

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55

What do erythrocytes carry

Oxygen.

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56

What do fibroblasts do

Produce collagen and extracellular matrix in connective tissue.

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57

What do intermediate fibers resist

Mechanical stress.

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58

What do white blood cells do

Defend against infection and disease.

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59

What do nerve cells control

Transmit signals for communication throughout the body.

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60

What is the Cell Theory

States that all living organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

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61

What percentage of cells is water

About 70-80%.

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62

What does the nucleus do

Controls cell activities and stores DNA.

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63

What is the plasma membrane's role

Regulates entry and exit of substances.

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64

What do glycoproteins do in the membrane

Play roles in cell recognition and signaling.

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65

What do desmosomes do

Provide strong adhesion between cells.

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66

What is a connexon

A protein channel that links adjacent cells in gap junctions.

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