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Community
A group of individuals that share the same interests.
Community Health
The health status of the individuals in the groups.
Factors Affecting Community Health
Physical, social, and cultural factors that influence health outcomes.
Physical Factors
Geography, environment, community size, and industrial development affecting health.
Social and Cultural Factors
Beliefs, economy, politics, and religion impacting community health.
Ten Essential Public Health Services
Core services necessary for public health.
Levels of Organizations in Community Health
Local, State, National, and World Health Organization.
National Agencies
USDA, EPA, OSHA, Homeland Security, and CDC involved in public health.
Notifiable Disease Scheme
A system for tracking diseases that must be reported to health authorities.
Quasi-Governmental Agencies
Organizations like the Red Cross and American Cancer Society that support public health.
Healthy People 2030
A public health initiative aimed at improving health outcomes.
Lyme Disease
An infectious disease transmitted by ticks.
Epidemiology
The study of how, when, and where diseases occur in populations.
Infectious Disease
Disruption of tissue or organ caused by microbes.
Infectivity
The ability of a biological agent to enter and grow in a host.
Pathogenicity
The ability of a microbe to produce disease.
Communicable Disease
Disease-causing agent spread from one host to another.
Contagious Disease
Easily spread disease from one host to another.
Non-communicable Disease
Disease-causing agent that cannot spread between hosts.
Acute Disease
Symptoms begin suddenly and stop in a short time.
Chronic Disease
Conditions lasting over a year.
Endemic
Disease always occurring in a particular region.
Sporadic
Infectious disease occurring infrequently.
Undetected Outbreak
An outbreak that is not identified.
Epidemic
Widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community.
Pandemic
Widespread occurrence of an infectious disease globally.
Epidemiological Rate
Measure of illness, injury, disability, or death in a population.
Incidence
The rate of new cases of a disease in a population.
Prevalence
The total number of cases of a disease in a population at a given time.
Primary Care
Basic health care for illness and injury.
Secondary Care
Specialized medical care.
Tertiary Care
Highly specialized medical care.
Primary Prevention
Efforts to prevent disease before it occurs.
Secondary Prevention
Efforts to stop disease progression.
Screening Tests
Tests used for secondary prevention.
Agent
Factor causing a disease.
Physical Agents
Forces causing injuries.
Chemical Agents
Compounds causing injuries and cellular damage.
Biological Agents
Microorganisms causing diseases.
Genetic Agent
Mutated genes causing disease.
Nutrient Agents
Lack of essential nutrients causing diseases.
Psychological Agents
Factors causing mental disorders.
Susceptible Host
Individual with characteristics that allow disease development.
Non-specific Innate Defenses
General defenses against a variety of microbes.
Immune System
Body's defense system against foreign substances.
Immunocompetence
Ability of the immune system to recognize and attack non-self cells.
Immune Tolerance
Ability to recognize and not attack the body's own cells.
Memory Cells
Cells that remember past infections for quicker response.
Active Immunity
Immunity gained from previous infection or vaccination.
Maternal and Infant Health
Health of mothers and their infants.
Family Planning
Determining preferred number and spacing of children.
Maternal Mortality
Deaths due to pregnancy-related causes.
Infant Mortality Rate
Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births.
Low Birth Weight
Infants weighing less than 5 pounds 8 ounces at birth.
Zika Virus
Virus spread by mosquitoes, affecting pregnancy outcomes.
Congenital Zika Syndrome
Birth defects caused by Zika virus infection during pregnancy.
Historical Public Health
Evolution of public health practices over time.
Hippocrates
Father of Medicine, emphasized observation in disease understanding.
Germ Theory of Disease
Concept that many diseases are caused by microorganisms.
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