Community Health Exam 1

Community

A group of individuals that share the same interests.

Community Health

The health status of the individuals in the groups.

Factors Affecting Community Health

Physical, social, and cultural factors that influence health outcomes.

Physical Factors

Geography, environment, community size, and industrial development affecting health.

Social and Cultural Factors

Beliefs, economy, politics, and religion impacting community health.

Ten Essential Public Health Services

Core services necessary for public health.

Levels of Organizations in Community Health

Local, State, National, and World Health Organization.

National Agencies

USDA, EPA, OSHA, Homeland Security, and CDC involved in public health.

Notifiable Disease Scheme

A system for tracking diseases that must be reported to health authorities.

Quasi-Governmental Agencies

Organizations like the Red Cross and American Cancer Society that support public health.

Healthy People 2030

A public health initiative aimed at improving health outcomes.

Lyme Disease

An infectious disease transmitted by ticks.

Epidemiology

The study of how, when, and where diseases occur in populations.

Infectious Disease

Disruption of tissue or organ caused by microbes.

Infectivity

The ability of a biological agent to enter and grow in a host.

Pathogenicity

The ability of a microbe to produce disease.

Communicable Disease

Disease-causing agent spread from one host to another.

Contagious Disease

Easily spread disease from one host to another.

Non-communicable Disease

Disease-causing agent that cannot spread between hosts.

Acute Disease

Symptoms begin suddenly and stop in a short time.

Chronic Disease

Conditions lasting over a year.

Endemic

Disease always occurring in a particular region.

Sporadic

Infectious disease occurring infrequently.

Undetected Outbreak

An outbreak that is not identified.

Epidemic

Widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community.

Pandemic

Widespread occurrence of an infectious disease globally.

Epidemiological Rate

Measure of illness, injury, disability, or death in a population.

Incidence

The rate of new cases of a disease in a population.

Prevalence

The total number of cases of a disease in a population at a given time.

Primary Care

Basic health care for illness and injury.

Secondary Care

Specialized medical care.

Tertiary Care

Highly specialized medical care.

Primary Prevention

Efforts to prevent disease before it occurs.

Secondary Prevention

Efforts to stop disease progression.

Screening Tests

Tests used for secondary prevention.

Agent

Factor causing a disease.

Physical Agents

Forces causing injuries.

Chemical Agents

Compounds causing injuries and cellular damage.

Biological Agents

Microorganisms causing diseases.

Genetic Agent

Mutated genes causing disease.

Nutrient Agents

Lack of essential nutrients causing diseases.

Psychological Agents

Factors causing mental disorders.

Susceptible Host

Individual with characteristics that allow disease development.

Non-specific Innate Defenses

General defenses against a variety of microbes.

Immune System

Body's defense system against foreign substances.

Immunocompetence

Ability of the immune system to recognize and attack non-self cells.

Immune Tolerance

Ability to recognize and not attack the body's own cells.

Memory Cells

Cells that remember past infections for quicker response.

Active Immunity

Immunity gained from previous infection or vaccination.

Maternal and Infant Health

Health of mothers and their infants.

Family Planning

Determining preferred number and spacing of children.

Maternal Mortality

Deaths due to pregnancy-related causes.

Infant Mortality Rate

Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births.

Low Birth Weight

Infants weighing less than 5 pounds 8 ounces at birth.

Zika Virus

Virus spread by mosquitoes, affecting pregnancy outcomes.

Congenital Zika Syndrome

Birth defects caused by Zika virus infection during pregnancy.

Historical Public Health

Evolution of public health practices over time.

Hippocrates

Father of Medicine, emphasized observation in disease understanding.

Germ Theory of Disease

Concept that many diseases are caused by microorganisms.