American Pageant Chapter 2 APUSH Review (Period 2)

England

• England defeats the Spanish Armada in 1588
• English Colonization
  • England was a Protestant country
• Different types of colonies (how paid for and how they are run)
  • Joint Stock Company: stockholders invest in a company and share in the potential profits or lossed from the colony; Corporate colony
  • Proprietorship: land is given by the king to an individual or group
  • Royal: paid for and ruled directly by the monarchy
• Colony of Roanoke (Walter Releigh, 1597) fails (Lost Colony)

Chesapeake colonies:

Virginia and Maryland (upper southern region

• 1st permanent English colony in North America established at Jamestown in 1607-motive was wealth S
• Setup under a joint stock company Virginia Company
• Starving Period: many of the original settlers die of disease. starvation, etc.
• John Smith established military discipline and saved the colony
• John Rolfe introduced the cultivation of tobacco

Colonial Virginia:

• Tobacco provided the colony with a “cash crop” and led to the rise of plantation system
• Needed a cheap labor supply
• Indentured Servants served as the early labor force of Virginia
  • Worked for a period of time (4-7 years) in exchange for passage to colony
• Headright System: get land if you paid for somebody's journey to the colony
• House of Burgesses established in 1619
  • Form of early representative government (the 1st in future U.S.)
• Problems begin to develop:
  • Tobacco destroyed the land
  • Demand for labor and land goes up
  • Tensions increase with the natives as colonist move west
  • ^^NATIVE AMERICANS AND SLAVERY^^

Relations with the Natives:

• Very hostile relationship developed between the colonists and the Powhatan tribe
• Tensions increased as the settlers moved west
• Anglo-Powhatan Wars 1610-1646
• 1st war ends in 1614 with marriage between Pocahontas & John Rolfe
• Massacre of 1622 begins 2nd war
• By 1624 Jamestown becomes a royal colony
• Powhatan Confederacy largely defeated by 1646
• Powhatan Confederacy defeated by a variety of factors:
  • Disease, Disorganization, Disposability

Labor Relations & the Transition to Slavery

• Early period the primary labor source was indentured servants
• 1st Africans arrive in the colony 1619
• Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
• Background: Growing frustration with:
  • lack of land (Gov. Berkeley did not allow land hungry settlers to move too far west)
  • Lack of political power (House of Burgesses dominated by plantation elite)
  • Wanted govt in Jamestown to do something about Native American attacks
• Nathaniel Bacon leads a rebellion against Indians on the frontier & burned Jamestown
• Impact: Leads to transition to AFRICAN CHATTEL SLAVE LABOR
  • Demonstrates tension in colonial society between social classes and regions (backcountry vs. east)

Another Chesapeake Colony: Maryland

• Proprietorship: Lord Balitmore given land by the king
• Act of Toleration (1649): religious freedom for all Christians (Intended especially to protect Catholics)
  • Sorry Jews, Muslims, etc. (other groups that were not Christian)

Southern Colonies

• ^^South Carolina^^: cash crop (rice) plantation economy, wealthy aristocratic elite, African slave labor
  • ^^North Carolina^^- different: small tobacco farmers, less reliance on slavery
• ^^Caribbean^^ (Barbados & Jamaica): cash crop (sugar cane), strict slave labor system from the start
• ^^Georgia^^: served as a buffer colony against Spanish & French threat, penal colony for debtors, and originally banned slavery

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