Learn to Lead Chapter 6 Review

Personality

The sum of the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make someone unique.

Blank State Principle

States that every newborn baby is born as if their mind were a blank slate onto which they write thoughts and experiences.

Birth Order Theory

Contends that a person’s rank within their family can have an effect on their personality and intelligence; some accuse it of the post-hoc fallacy.

Charisma

The sparkle in people that money can’t buy; an invisible energy with visible effects.

Johari Window

A tool for exploring our self-perception

Public, Blind, Private, and Unkown

What are the four arenas of the Johari Window?

Public Arena

Consists of those features of your personality that you know about yourself and that others know too

Blind Arena

Consists of those personality features that are unknown to you but are known to others

Private Arena

Consists of those personality features that are known o you but are unknown to others

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Merely attempts to describe our different flavors of personality

What ae the 8 factors of the MBTI?

Extroversion (E), Introversion (I), Sensing (S), Intuition (N), Thinking (T), Judging (J), Perceiving (P), Feeling (F)

Extroversion (E)

Involves gathering energy by spending time with others

Introversion (I)

Involves directing energy to ideas, imagination, and other inner thoughts

Sensing (S)

Involves having an interest in specific and details

Intuition (N)

Involves looking at the big picture of things

Thinking (T)

Displays traits of being calm and collected; involves considering all possibilities before making decisions

Feeling (F)

Displays strong sense of empathy; involves considering problems from another person’s perspective

Judging

Involves valuing structure, order, and predictability

Perceiving

Involves keeping options open

Physiological Needs, Safety Needs, Love or Belonging Needs, Esteem Needs, and Self-actualization Needs

Maslow’s 5 Basic Needs

Physiological Needs

Unless the physiological needs are met, all other needs are forgotten or even denied.

Safety Needs

Safety includes freedom from fear, violence, and uncertainty.

Love or Belonging Needs

We are motivated by a need for love or a basic connection with other people, a sense of belonging.

Esteem Needs

We are motivated by a desire for attention, honor, appreciation, and a good reputation.

Self-actualization Needs

“What a man can be, he must be”

Classical conditioning

The process whereby a living thing learns to connect a stimulus to a reflex

Stimulus

A thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction

Reflex

An action that is performed as a response to a stimulus and without conscious thought

Positive reenforcement

Happens when a pleasant reward is used to increase the frequency of a behavior

Negative reenforcement

Happens when an unpleasant stimulus is removed to encourage the desired behavior

Punishment

Any stimulus that represents or stops a behavior

Extinction

Refers to the reduction of some response that the person had previously displayed

Defense mechanism

A behavior people use to deal with anxiety, stress, or pressure

Displacement

Occurs when someone redirects feelings about something onto something less threatening

Projection

The act of taking one’s unacknowledged thoughts or feelings and falsely attributing them to someone else

Rationalization

When someone devises reassuring or self-serving explanations for their behavior

Intellectualization

A person tries to remove the emotional side of a situation and instead examines their problem in an excessively abstract way

Denial

A mechanism in which a person fails to acknowledge facts that would be apparent to others

Suppression

When a person knows they have anxieties or problems, but they set them aside, choosing not to even think about them.

Withdrawal

Removing oneself from events, people, things, etc., that bring to mind painful thoughts and feelings.

Conflict

A disagreement through which individuals perceive a threat to their needs, interests, or concerns.

Avoidance, Suppression and smoothing, Compromise, The Zero-Sum Game, Mediation

5 Basic Approaches to Managing Conflicts

Avoidance

When leaders recognize conflict exists but they choose not to engage the problem

Suppression and smoothing

A form of avoidance in which a leader suggests that conflict is not as bad as it seems & that both parties are aiming for the same goal.

Compromise

An attempt to create a win/win situation

The Zero-Sum Game

Sees conflict in only win/lose terms

Mediation

An attempt to resolve conflict by using a third party to facilitate a decision

Concession

When one party yields a right or a benefit in hopes that the other will yield an equivalent right or benefit

Diversity

The differences within a community

Prejudice

Pre-judging someone

Harassment

Unwelcome conduct

Retaliation

When someone seeks revenge against someone who objects to harassment or discrimination