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knowledge to produce high quality silk
according to Porcopius, two sixth century Christian monks undertook an elaborate smuggling operation to provide Byzantium with the knowledge to produce?
Byzantium
the only classical society that survived in the centuries after 400 CE was the?
trade routes linked it to ports throughout the Med. Basin
Byzantium's major advantage was?
TRUE: most important political/military center of eastern Roman empire , clearing house for trade
which of the following statements about Constantinople is NOT true?
western
which part of the Mediterranean basin was never part of the Byzantine empire?
arab muslims
up through the 8th century, the chief foreign threat to the eastern Roman Empire was?
a tightly centralized rule that concentrated power in the hands of a highly exalted emperor
the most important political feature of the Byzantine state was?
caesaropapism
the mixture of secular and religious authority that marked Constantine's reign as well as that of the Byzantine emperors is known as?
the emperor not only ruled as secular lord but also played an active and prominent role in ecclesiastical affairs
historians use the term caesaropapism to refer to?
unnecessary complexity and convolution
the adjective "byzantine" drawn from the government of Byzantium, stands for?
striptease artist
Theodora's career before marrying Justinian was as a?
a church that later became a mosque and museum that ranks as one of the world most important examples of Christian architecture
Hagia Sophia was?
Corpus iuris civilis (body of the civil law)
Justinian's most important and long-lasting political achievement was?
immediately won recognition as the definitive codification of Roman law
justinian's issuance of the Corpus iuris civilis?
Belisarius (justinian's general)
Italy, Sicily, northwestern Africa, and southern Spain were brought back under imperial control by the military victories of?
islamic forces
constantinople withstood seiges in 674-678 and 717-718 by
theme system
one of the causes of Byzantine resurgence was the political innovation wherein a general was given military and civil control over an imperial province or?
Basil II
the Byzantine ruler who led a resurgence of power in the 11th century by crushing the Bulgars was?
a devastating incendiary weapon compounded of sulphur, lime, and petroleum
the term Greek "fire" refers to?
Kleidion
Basil II crushed the Bulgars in 1014 at the Battle of?
Theodora
the wife of Justinian, who proved to be an invaluable adviser, was?
Charlemagne
a direct challenge to the Byzantine emperor arose in the year 800 when the pope gave an imperial crown to the Frankish king, ?
lodged his own claim to rule as emperor over the western lands of the former Roman empire
in the year 962, Otto of Saxony?
was the most important innovation in the reorganization of Byzantine society which placed an imperial province (theme) under the jurisdiction of a general, who assumed responsibility for both its military defense and civil administration
the theme system?
silk
by the late 6th century, Byzantium became the Mediterranean world's leading producer of?
was the Byzantine gold coin that became recognized as the standard of currency of the Mediterranean basin (6-12 c)
the bezant?
Greek
from the 6th century on, the official language of Constantinople was?
the Green and the Blues
the main factions during Justinian's time who contested in the Hippodrome and who occasionally fought in the streets were?
government machinery called for large numbers of literate and intelligent individuals. workforce emerged mostly from a state-organized school system that offered a primary education in reading, writing, and grammar, followed by studies of classical Greek literature, philosophy, and science.
which of the following describes education in Byzantium?
Nicaea
in 325 CE, in an effort to answer the Arians, Constantine brought together leading churchmen at the Council of ?
Jesus had been a mortal human being and that he was a creation of God rather than a divine being coeternal with God.
the Alexandrian priest, Arius, leader of the Arians, believed that?
iconoclasm
Emperor Leo III inaugurated the divisive ecclesiastical policy of?
St. Simeon Stylite
which of the following was the first and most famous of the "pillar saints"?
the patriarch of Constantinople during the mid 4th century, urged monasteries to adopt reforms that enhanced their effectiveness
St. Basil of Caesarea?
mutually excommunicated each other, each refusing to recognize the other's church as properly Christian
in 1054 the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople?
never got beyond Constantinople, which crusaders conquered and sacked in 1204
the Fourth Crusade, in early 1204, ?
Venetians
in a disaster from which the Byzantine Empire never really recovered, Constantinople was sacked in 1204 by the?
Saljuqs
in 1071, Byzantium lost the Battle of Manzikert and control over Anatolia to the?
Manzikert
the Byzantine Empire suffered a devastating loss to the Saljuq Turks in 1071 at the Battle of?
Ottoman Turks
Constantinople finally fell in 1453 to the?
were two brothers from Greece who conducted missions in Bulgaria and Moravia. Devised an alphabet known as the Cyrillic alphabet for the previously illiterate Slavic peoples
Saints Methodius and Cyril?
Kiev
What city, influenced heavily by Constantinople ,was most important in the early rise of Russia?
Prince Vladimir of Kiev
the rise of Orthodox Christianity in Russia was helped by the conversion in 989 of?
the worlds third Rome
by the 16th century, Russians had begun to think of Moscow as?
hajj
the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca is known as the?
submission
the term Islam means?
Muslim
the phrase, "one who has submitted," is the meaning of the term?
"the house of Islam" and refers to the lands under Islamic rule
the phrase dar al- Islam means?
Khadija
in 595, Muhammad married a wealthy widow named?
was written versions of Muhammad's revelations compiled by devout Muslims
the Quran?
hijra (migration) when Muhammad moved to Medina
the turning point in the rise of Islam was?
sharia
the Islamic holy law was known as the?
caliph
no religious leader could follow Muhammad, so political authority rested in the position of the?
Abu Bakr
after the death of Muhammad, political leadership fell to a caliph by the name of?
descendants of Ali (the caliph) were infallible, and divinely appointed to rule the Islamic community
the Shia believed that?
Shia
the main split inside Islam was between Sunni and ?
the establishment of the Umayyad dynasty
after the assassination of Ali, power fell to?
appointed members of the elite as governors and administrators of conquered lands, and they distributed wealth among them
the victorious Arabic armies of the Umayyad dynasty?
jizya
the Umayyad forces allowed conquered peoples to maintain their own religions, but insisted that they pay a special head tax on those people who did not convert to Islam. This head tax was called the?
Abu al-Abbas
the founder of the Abbasid dynasty was?
it was more cosmopolitan than the Umayyad. the rulers didnt show special favor to the Arab military aristocracy. it also was not a conquering dynasty like the Umayyads
the Abbasid dynasty differed from the Umayyad dynasty in that?
Baghdad
the capital of the Abbasid Empire was?
learned people (literally means "people with religious knowledge")
the word "ulama" refers to?
brought the high point of the Abbasid dynasty
the reign of Harun al-Rashid?
Saljuqs
during the last 200 years of the Abbasid Empire, it fell under the control of the?
Mongols
the Abbasid dynasty finally came to an end in 1258, when it was overrun by the?
cotton
of all the new crops that spread through the Islamic world via trade, which one proved the most important?
paper manufacture
what new industry, transmitted to the Islamic world from China, was introduced during the Abbasid period?
inns offering lodging for caravan merchants and care for their animals
Caravanserais were?
sakk
islamic banks honored letters of credit, which could be drawn on the parent bank, known as?
Cordoba
the capital city of al-Andalus was?
four
the Quran, following the example of Muhammad, allowed men to have up to how many wives?
they started veiling women
how did the conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia influence the role of women in the Islamic world?
Arabic
the only definitive and reliable text of the Quran has to be in?
madrasas
in an effort to recruit learned students, Islamic leaders often financially supported institutions of higher learning called?
they did not find formal religious teachings to be especially meaningful. instead of concerning themselves with fine points of doctrine, they worked to deepen their spiritual awareness.
the Sufis believed?
was the most important Sufis who argued that human reason was too frail to understand the nature of Allah and couldnt explain the mysteries of the world. only through devotion and guidance from the Quran could humans appreciate Allah
the Persian al-Ghazali?
DID: symbol= Ka'ba at Mecca, Abbasid caliphs encouraged hajj, and pilgrims who made the trip to Mecca spread Islamic values and beliefs all over parts of the Islamic world
which of the following factors did not help to bring unity to the Islamic world?
political and cultural ways- administrative techniques and kingships
the Persian influence on Islam is best seen in?
Omar Khayyam
the author of the Rubaiyat was?
the Thousand and One Nights
the other name for the collection of stories known as the Arabian Nights is?
math, science, and medicine
the main Indian influence on Islamic thought was in the field of?
Gupta India
Arabic numbers actually had their origin in ?
Ibn Rushd
the Islamic thinker who studied Aristotle and whose thought, in turn, influenced the rise of European scholasticism was?
the development of scholasticism
the main influence on the thought of Ibn Rushd was?
who placed more value on the revelations of the Quran than on the fruits of human logic
Ibn Rushd's reliance on natural reason went too far for many Muslims,?
travelling beyond the China border to India and back
the Chinese Buddhist monk, Xuanzang, was famous for?
Yang Jian
the Sui dynasty was founded in 589 by?
the Grand Canal
the greatest contribution of Sui Yangdi, the second Sui emperor, was?
the Grand Canal
the sui construction of which of these items would have important economic implications well into the twentieth century?
Hangzhou to Beijing
the Grand canal stretched from what city in the south to what city in the north?
Tang Taizong
the success of the Tang dynasty was due to its energetic second ruler. who was he?
the equal field system
the Tang plan to avoid the concentration of land in the hands of the wealthy was called the?
reflected the heavy reliance on a bureaucracy based on merit. most officeholders won their posts because of intellectual ability
during the Tang dynasty, the imperial civil service examinations?
confucianism, administration (merit), equal field system, expansion into Korea/Vietnam, tributary relationships between China and neighboring lands
during the Tang dynasty?
the poet Du Fu
who wrote the following lines? "Go to the Blue Sea, look along the shore at all the old white bones forsaken?"
a ritual where subordinates knelt before the emperor and touched their foreheads to the ground
the kowtow?
An Lushan
in 757, the Tang emperors were forced to invite the Turkish Uighurs to bring and army into China and suppress a rebellion by?
Huang Chao
From 875-884, most of eastern China fell to this man, who rebelled because of popular discontent and who raided the wealthy and distributed his plunder to the poor?
Song Taizu
the founder of the Song dynasty was?
Note 
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