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permeability constant (mu0)
Bwire
Bcoil
magnetic dipole moment (m) of a current loop
A is the area of the loop
Magnetic force on a moving charged particle
alpha is the angle between the velocity and magnetic field vectors
Centripetal force exerted by the magnetic field on the charged particle in cyclotron motion
Centripetal force = Magnetic force
Radius of the cyclotron orbit (r cyc)
m is the mass of the charged particle
m is the mass of the charged particle
Magnetic force on a current-carrying wire
alpha is the angle between the current and magnetic field vectors
Force between to parallel current-carrying wires
I1 is the current of one wire. I2 is the current of the second wire.
d is the distance between the two wires
torque on a current loop (tau)
potential energy of a magnetic dipole (U mag)
theta is the angle between the magnetic dipole moment and magnetic field vectors
the minimum potential energy is when theta = 0 degrees
-cos(0) = -1, U = -mB
the maximum potential energy is when theta = 180 degrees
-cos(180) = 1, U = mB