Procedure - Landmark Cases

Bethel School District v Fraser

Students’ right to make lewd speeches in school is not protected by the 1st amendment right to freedom of speech 

BOE of Independent School District #92 of Pottawatomie County v Earls

Performing random drug tests on students that participate extracurriculars does not violate the Fourth Amendment

Brown v BOE

Schools cannot be segregated based on race

Gideon v Wainwright

Defendants who cannot provide their own attorney must have one provided for them without charge

NJ v TLO

Students should expect to have less privacy in school

Marbury v Madison

Established the doctrine of judicial review

Texas v Johnson

Offensive speech, including flag burning, is protected by the First Amendment 

Grutter v Bollinger

Colleges have a legitimate interest in promoting diversity, so they may use race in their admission process

Santa Fe Independent School District v Doe

Students may __not__ hold student-lead and student-initiated prayer over a school’s loudspeaker system

Miranda v Arizona

Suspects must know their rights before they are questioned

Plessy v Ferguson

Segregation is supported as long as it is “separate but equal”

Terry v Ohio

Stop and frisks do not violate the US constitution under certain circumstances

Roper v Simmons

If a person is under 18 years old, it is cruel and unusual punishment to execute them for their crimes

Mapp v Ohio

Evidence that is illegally obtained cannot be used in a criminal trial

Cooper v Aaron

States cannot overrule decisions made by the federal court

Engel v Vitale

The first amendment’s Establishment Clause prevents school initiated-prayer in public school

Goss v Lopez

Students are given certain due process rights

Roe v Wade

Abortions became legal in all 50 states, but state could set individual restrictions on when in the pregnancy abortions were allowed

Tinker V Des Moines

Students still have rights in school

US v Nixon

The president must follow the law