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Awareness of internal and external stimuli
Consciousness
State marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest that occur during wakefulness
Sleep
characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior
Wakefulness
biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours
Circadian Rhythm
tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system
Homeostatis
hormone secreted by the endocrine gland that serves as an important regulator of the sleep-wake cycle
Melatonin
brain's control of switching between sleep and wakefulness as well as coordinating this cycle with the outside world
Sleep regulation
collection of symptons brought on by travel from one time zone to another that results from the mismatch between our intermal circadian rhythm and our environment
Jet lag
consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep for at least three nights a week over a month's time
Insomnia
sleep-deprived individuals will experience longer sleep latencies durinig a subsequent opportunities for sleep
Sleep rebound
This theory of why we sleep, from a specific perpsective that focuses on how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time because of natural selection, is that sleep is essential to recharge expended resources and energy, or that we origninally slept as a way to stay out of the dark and way from predators.
Evolutionary psychology
Sleep has been shown to increase capacities for creative thinking, language learning, and interferial judgements.
Cognitive benefits
period of sleep outside periods of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
NREM sleep
period of sleep characterized by brain waves very similiar to those during wakefulness and by darting movements of the eyes under closed lids
REM sleep
A series of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations occurring involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep
Dreams
storyline of events that occur during a dream, per Sigmund Freud's view of the function of dreams
Manifest content
hidden meaning of a dream, per Sigmund Freud's view of the function of dreams
Latent content
People become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's event
Lucid dream
Known as somnambulism, this is a sleep disorder in which the sleeper enages in relatively complex behaviors
Sleepwalking
sleep disorder in which the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur; sleepers have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)
theoretical respitory of information shared by all people across cultures, as described by Carl Jung
Collective unconscious
sleep disorder in which the sufferer has uncomfortable sensations in the legs when trying to fall asleep that are relieved by moving the legs
Restless leg syndrome
sleep disorder in which the sleeper experiences a sense of panic and may scream or attempt to escape from the immediate environment
Night terror
sleep disorder defined by episodes during which breathing stops during sleep
Sleep apnea
infant (one year old or younger) with no apparent medical condition suddenly dies during sleep
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
sleep disorder in which the sufferer cannot resist falling to sleep at inopportune times
Narcolespy
state of extreme self-focus and attention in which minimal attention is given to external stimuli
Hypnosis
clearing the mind in order to achieve a state of relaxed awareness and focus
Meditation
