Chapter 8: Wireless, Mobile Computing, and IoT & Technology Guide 3-- Cloud Computing IS-300

Asela Thomason

Satellite Orbits

• LEO: low altitude, short lifespan (as low as 5 yrs), low delay, move rapidly relative to point on Earth, least expensive to build/launch, negligable trasmission delay

• MEO: medium altitude, used for GPS, negligabe transmission delay, moderate orbit life (6-12 years), negligible

• GEO: higher altitude, stationary, long lifespan (many years), most expensive to build/launch, delay (.25 seconds)

Low Earth Orbit (LEO)

• : low altitude, short lifespan (as low as 5 yrs), low delay, move rapidly relative to point on Earth, least expensive to build/launch, negligable trasmission delay

Middle Earth Orbit (MEO)

medium altitude, used for GPS, negligabe transmission delay, moderate orbit life (6-12 years), negligible

Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)

higher altitude, stationary, long lifespan (many years), most expensive to build/launch, delay (.25 seconds)

GEO advantages and disadvantages

adv: provides internet services to remote areas of earth

disad: propagation delay & disrupted by environmental conditions

Satellite Lifespan Vulnerabilities

satellites are vulnerable to space debris, signal interference, and aging hardware

GPS

a satellite-based navigation system using MEO satellites to determine location on Earth

Bluetooth Technology

• short-range wireless technology for device-to-device communication

• lower power and range than Wi-Fi

Wireless Transmission Methods

• microwave: high bandwidth, requires a line of sight

• satellite: high bandwidth, large coverage area, expensive, requires an unobstructed line of sight, signals experience propagation delay, requires the use of encryption for security

• radio: high bandwidth, signals pass through walls, inexpensive/easy to install, creates electrical interference problems, susceptible to snooping unless encrypted

• cellular: wide coverage, mobile communication

• infrared: short range, line of sight

• fiber optic: high speed, secure, wired

Microwave

• high bandwidth, requires a line of sight

Satellite

high bandwidth, large coverage area, expensive, requires an unobstructed line of sight, signals experience propagation delay, requires the use of encryption for security

Radio

• high bandwidth, signals pass through walls, inexpensive/easy to install, creates electrical interference problems, susceptible to snooping unless encrypted

Internet of Things (IoT)

• network of physical objects embedded with sensors that collect and exchange data (smart homes, healthcare, cars)

RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification)Technology

• passive RFID: no battery, short range

• active RFID: battery-powered, long range, used in retail, tracking, toll systems, and access control

What is cloud computing

on-demand delivery of computing services (servers, storage, software) over the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing

Cloud characteristics

• on-demand access

• scalability

• resource pooling

• measures service

• broad network access

Types of clouds

• public: shared

• private: single organization

• hybrid: public + private

• vertical: industry-specific cloud

Public Cloud

• shared infrastructure: infrastructure/services are owned/managed by third-party provider and shared among multiple organizations over the internet

• cost-effective

• highly scalable

• ideal for businesses that do not require strict data control

Private cloud

• single organization

• provides greater security, control. and customization

• can be hosted on-premise or by third party

• commonly used by organizations with sensitive or regulated data

Hybrid cloud

• combines public and private environments, allowing data and applications to move between them

• model offers flexibility by keeping sensitive data in a private cloud while using the public cloud for scalability and cost efficiency

Vertical cloud

• a cloud computing solution designed for a specific industry, such as healthcare, finance, or education

• provides industry-specific applications, compliance, and security features tailored to that sector’s needs

Cloud service models

• IaaS: Infrastructure as a service (infrastructure only)

• PaaS: Platform as a service

• SaaS: Software as a service

IaaS (Infrastructure as a service)

• (most control and least IT coverage)

• service model where you can rent computing resources such as servers, storage, networks, and virtual machines, from a cloud provider

• you have more control and flexibility over the configuration and management of these resources

• your responsible for the operating system, middleware, applications and data (Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine, Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines)

PaaS: Platform as a service

• platform for development

• service model where you can develop, deploy, and run applications using tools and frameworks that are provided by a cloud provider

• you only have to focus on the application code and data

• (Google App Engine, Amazon S3, Microsoft Azure App Services)

SaaS: Software as a Service

• (least control, most IT coverage)

• complete software

• service model where you can use software applications that are hosted and managed by a cloud provider

• (Gmail, Netflix, and Spotify)

Cloud vs In-House Hosting

Cloud advantages:

• lower cost

• scalability

• speed

In-house advantages:

• full control

• customization

• security control

Local Area Networks (LAN)

networks that connects devices within a limited area like an office of campus