seawater

Chloride source and sinks

Sources: volcanoes and river influx

Sinks: evaporative deosition as NaCl (rock salt), net air transfer, pore-water burial

Sodium sinks and sources

Sources: river influx

Sinks: evaporative deposition as nacl, net air transfer, cation exchange with clays, basalt-seawater reactions, pore-water burial

Potassium sources and sinks

Sources: river influx, volcanic seawater reactions (high temperature)

Sinks: uptake by clays, volcanic seawater reactions (low-temperatures)

Calcium sinks and sources

Sources; river influx, volcanic seawater reactions, cation reactions

Sinks: biogenic secretion of shells, evaporitic deposition of gypsum, precipitation as calcite

Silica sources and sinks

Sources: river influx, basalt-seawater reactions Sinks

Sinks: biogenic secretion of shells

Phosphorus sinks and sources

Sources: river influx, rainfall and dry fallout

Sinks: burial as organic P, adsorption on volcanic ferric oxides, formation of phosphorite rock

Wave and current turbulence effects on gases in water

Increases the exchange of seawater gases with the atmosphere

Effect of difference in gas concentration on gases in water

Gases diffuse across the air sea interface from high to low areas of concentration until chemical equilibrium is reached

Temperature effect on gases in seawater

A drop in water temperature increases the solubility of gases

Salinity effect on concentration of gases in water

A rise in salinity decreases the solubility of gases

Effect of pressure on gas concentration in water

A rise in pressure increases the solubility of gases

Effect of photosynthesis on gas concentration in seawater

Increasses O2 decreases CO2

Effect of respiration on gas concentration in seawater

Respiration increases concentration of CO2 decreases O2

Decomposition effect on gas concentration in seawater

Increases CO2 decreases O2

pH effect on gas concentration in seawater

Controls the relative concentration of the various species of CO2 in water