Chemistry- Y10

states of matter/atomic structure/periodic table

solids arrangement and particles

• closely packed in lattice structure

• vibrate about fixed position

liquids arrangement and particles

• closely packed but not in pattern

• slide over each other

gases arrangement and particles

• particles spread far from each other in random arrangement

• move randomly and freely

gas to solid

deposition

solid to gas

sublimation

liquid to gas

evaporation

gas to liquid

condensation

solid to liquid

melting

liquid to solid

solidification

solute

the solid being dissolved in liquid

solvent

the liquid the solute is being dissolved in

solution

where the solute dissolves in solvent

solubility

how much solute can be dissolved in solvent

saturated solution

when no more solute can be dissolved in solvent

diffusion

net movement of particles from an area of high to low conc

elements

made of only one type of atom

compound

made of 2 or more different types of atom chemically bonded

mixture

2 or more different elements mixed together but not chemically joined

how to tell if substance is pure

melting point and boiling point will be exact

filtration

used to separate mixture of insoluble solid and liquid where mixture is poured through funnel lined with filter paper 

crystallization

used to separate a solute dissolved in solvent but solvent cannot be retained

distillation

• used to separate two liquids with different BPs

• mixture is heated until one liquid reaches BP

• it evaporates and rises up 

• reaches the condenser with cold water around it so it condenses and turns back to liquid

• collected at end of tube

Rf value

distance moved by spot/distance moved by water

why is pencil used to mark start line in paper chromatography 

graphite is insoluble

proton charge

+1

proton mass

1

neutron mass

1

neutron charge

0

electron mass

N/A

electron charge

-1

isotopes

form of an atom with the same no. of protons but different number of neutrons

Ar calculation

(mass 1 × 1%) + (mass 2 × 2%)…

why don’t noble gases react?

Their outer electron shell are full so they are stable and don’t need to lose or gain electrons

mole formula

mass/relative formula mass