Bio11- Unit 1

The Needs & Characteristics of Living Things. WBOT= Will be on test

What do all organisms need to survive? (5)

Hint: COWNS

Water, nutrients, space to live, oxygen, and C02

What does water help organisms with?

Do cellular activity (ex. DNA replication, cell division, etc.)

What do can some organisms survive without?

Sunlight

Are plants considered organisms?

Yes!

What is an organism?

An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form

Do plants still need to make nutrients, because they already make their own food through photosynthesis?

Yes.

What purpose do nutrients give the organism?

What they need to grow!!!

What can organisms be?

Autotrophs (producers), and heterotrophs (consumers)

What are some examples of autotrophs (producers)

Plants, and some bacteria

What are some examples of heterotrophs (consumers)

Carnivores (eats animals)

Herbivores (eats plants)

Omnivores (eats plants and animals)

What is autotrophs?

Producers.

(auto-matically make food for themselves)

What is heterotrophs?

Consumers

(I can only do hetero -- ONE THING -- which is eat what autotrophs produce)

Space to live provides organisms with…?:

A place where they can get food, water, and shelter

Organisms often ____ for space with other organisms?

FIGHT!!! COMPETE!!!

What do plants need for photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide

What do animals AND plants need oxygen for?

Cellular respiration

Do all organisms need air to live in environments, where air is unavailable?

Not all.

TRUE OR FALSE? All organisms are made of cells.

True! :)

TRUE OR FALSE? All organisms do not contain homeostasis

False

TRUE OR FALSE? All organisms obtain and use energy

True!

TRUE OR FALSE? All organisms do not reproduce

False

TRUE OR FALSE? All organisms pass their traits to offspring.

True

TRUE OR FALSE? All organisms don’t grow.

Wth. False!

TRUE OR FALSE? All organisms respond to changes in their environment.

True!

TRUE OR FALSE? All organisms change over time as a species.

True

All organisms have *these* characteristics…(8)

Hint: Birds CHERP and it went GRC. I was surprised.

Change over time as a species

maintain Homeostasis

obtain and use Energy

Reproduce

Pass traits to offspring

Grow

Respond to changes in their environment

are made of Cells

Are all organisms made of cells?

Yeah

Types of cells that organisms are made of

Unicellular and multicellular

What’s unicellular cell?

Simple

Single cell.

Ex. bacteria

What is multicellular?

Complex

Made of many cells

(Ex. animals, plants)

All organisms can maintain homeostasis. Define homeostasis

Ability to maintain ideal internal temperature in response to environmental changes

What are examples of homeostasis in humans?

In hot conditions, we sweat to cool off

In cold conditions, we shiver to stay warm

For our bodies to function properly, we need to be in ________

Homeostasis

TRUE OR FALSE?

All organisms do not use energy.

False bruddah

What’s the cell’s energy currency?

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

What does ATP do?

Hint: Daily fun and repairs or replaces damaged

Powers daily functions and repair/replaces damaged cells

What does ATP stand for? (WILL BE ON TEST!)

Adenosine triphosphate

True or false? Organisms can reproduce

Yes duh

Define sexual reproduction

Two parents produce offspring w/ different genes

Define asexual reproduction

Single parents produces offspring identical to parent (clone)

How do organisms grow?

Hint: isn

Cells increase in size or number

How do organisms pass traits to their offspring?

Traits r passed on thru genes found in the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

When do organisms pass traits to offspring?

Asexual or sexual reproduction

TRUE OR FALSE:

Bacteria are unicellular therefore they cannot grow.

False.

Because bacteria, which is an organism, can grow larger.

(Remember ALL organisms GROW!)

Define stimulus

Any @@**activity**@@ that brings a @@**response**@@

What are examples of INTERNAL stimulus

Hunger (stimulus) → tells u to eat (response)

Thirst (stimulus) → tells u to drink wota (response)

Examples of EXTERNAL stimulus (WILL BE ON THE TEST!!)

Light (stimulus) → tells u to stay awake (response)

Sound (stimulus) → tells u to be aware of ur surroundings (response)

How do all organisms, as a species, change over time?

Natural selection

Can individuals evolve?

No, only **populations** can

What is the smallest unit of life?

Cells

What type of cell is fat tissue made of? (This is a check-in question)

Fat cells

What are muscles also known as?

Tissues

Can all tissues be muscles

Not all

TRUE OR FALSE? Specialized cells carry out specific function

True! :D

Can organisms be unicellular, which means that they have no cell specialization?

Ofc.

Define organs

Tissues that are organized into larger structures w/ one main function

What are examples of tissues that are organized into larger structures with one main function?

Organs:

Lungs, heart, brain, liver, kidney

How many kind(s) of tissue are organs made of?

Multiple!

What’s an organ system?

Groups of organs that have related functions

The cardiovascular system is made of _______

organs

Your heart is made of what tissue(s)?

a) epithelial tissue

b) connective tissue

c) nervous tissue

d) muscular tissue

e) all of the above

e. The heart are made of multiple tissues.

What’s an atom?

An atom is the smallest unit of matter

What is considered non-living and living?

Anything before the cell is non-living, and whatever is after that (including the cell) is living

What is a cell?

Smallest unit of life, that has all the characteristics of living things

What is a cell? pt.2

Specialized cells to carry out specific functions

Ex. muscle cells, epithelial cells, fat cells

What are tissues?

Groups of cells that are similar in shape and function

Ex. Epithelial tissue: skin that covers the outside surface of your body

What are organs?

Tissues that are organized into larger structures that have one function

Ex. heart pumps blood thru ur body

What are organs systems?

Groups of organs that have related functions

Ex. circulatory system includes the heart, veins, etc

TRUE OR FALSE? (Check-in question)

A cell that lines your small intestine will have a different structure and function from a cell that lines your nostrils

True obv

What are prokaryotes?

Simple, unicellular organisms

Has no membrane-bound organelles (no nucleus.. no ribosome)

All prokaryotes are bacteria (but not all bacteria are unicellular!)

TRUE OR FALSE?

Is all bacteria unicellular organisms?

False. Bacteria is **most commonly** unicellular but not **ALWAYS**. Ex. cyanobacteria 

What are eukaryotes?

Complex organisms (most living things r eukaryotes)

Can be unicellular/ multicellular

Contains organelles surrounding membranes (including nucleus)

Check in question

U find a mystery unicellular organism under your microscope. You notice it’s membrane-bound organelles. What type of organism is it?

A) Eukaryote

B) Prokaryote

C) It’s not an organism

A. “Membrane-bound”

What’s a unicellular organism?

Has only one cell

Can be a prokaryote (bacteria) or a eukaryote

Carries out all functions required to maintain life of organism

NO cell specialization

Check in question

U find a mystery unicellular organism under your microscope. What MUST be true about this organism?

A) It’s a bacteria cell

B) It’s a eukaryote

C) It’s a prokaryote

D) It has no cell specialization

D.

What is a multicellular organism?

Made of more than one cell

Cells develop differently thru cell differentiation so they have dif appearances that suit their functions

They have cell specialization because of cellular differentiation

What’s cell differentiation?

The PROCESS of cells developing differently

Result of gene expression

What is cell specialization?

Cells specialized to perform certain functions

Check in question

A neuron cell and a smooth muscle cell look and function differently from each other, because of what process?

A) Cell differentiation

B) Cell specialization

C) Mutations in the DNA

A. It’s the process

What is a neuron/nerve cell

Sends info from one part of the body to another part

Very long et thin

What is a red blood cell

Shaped like flattened disks so they can easily flow thru blood vessels

Carries oxygen thru the body

Those with sickle cell anemia: sickle shaped red blood cells.

^Because of their change in appearance ability to carry oxygen is now negatively affected

What is a sperm cell

Fertilizes the egg cell

Strong tail for quick swimming, distinct head helps it enter the egg cell

What is gene expression

The process a gene is switched on or off, resulting in dif proteins being made

(ex. melanin switched off, it’s not in the heart)

Check in question

Which of the following cells share the same DNA (assume they all from ur body)

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A) Connective tissue cell and white blood cell

B) Epithelial cell and intestinal cell

C) Red blood cell and smooth muscle cell

D) All of the above

E) None of the above

D

TRUE OR FALSE:

Most cells in ur body have the same DNA

True!!! :D

TRUE OR FALSE:

Cells use only the DNA they need; the rest is inactive

True.

TRUE OR FALSE:

Skin cells use the DNA that codes for melanin (skin pigment that protects from UV light)

True

TRUE OR FALSE?

Heart cells don’t need melanin, so it is “turned off” in heart cells

Tru . Because it doesn’t need to be protected from the sun because it’s already protected by the rib cage

What are stem cells?

Cells that can become any cell in the body because they haven’t undergone cell differentiation yet

What can stem cells be used for?

Repair damaged organs and cure some diseases

What are current scientists still learning about stem cells?

How to regrow limbs using stem cells

What are the differences between prokaryotes and a eukaryotes (WBOT)

Prokaryote: No membrane-bound organelles

Eukaryote: Membrane-bound organelles

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Prokaryote: Unicellular

Eukaryote: Multicellular/Unicellular

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Prokaryote: Simple

Eukaryote: Complex

What are the differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms

(WBOT)

Unicellular organisms: Only 1 cell

Multicellular organisms: 1/+ cell

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Unicellular organisms: No cell specialization=one cell need to do all the functions needed to maintain life of the organism

Multicellular organisms: Has cell specialization because of cell differentiation, and dif appearances that suit their function

What is the difference between cell differentiation and cell specialization?

Cell differentiation: The process cells develop differently

Cell specialization: Result of cell differentiation that cells r specialized to perform specific functions

Explain the process of cell differentiation in more detail

Stem cell changes into a more specific one (ex. turn into red blood cell)

Is an adaptation positive or negative to the organisms survival and reproductive ability in its environment?

Always positive.

What’s an adaptation of a kangaroo?

Powerful back legs that can jump long distances

What’s an adaptation of a spider?

Can sense vibrations in the ground

What’s an adaptation of a elephant?

Large tusks for defense

What’s an adaptation of a cheetah?

Teeth designed for eating meat