2023 random set A

Which concept is central to Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Schemas
Operant responses
Insight
Conditioned reflexes

Schemas

Which memory system has unlimited capacity and duration?
Long-term memory
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Echoic memory

Long-term memory

In classical conditioning

a previously neutral stimulus becomes a
Conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus
Reinforcer
Discriminative stimulus

Which is the most powerful schedule of reinforcement for maintaining behavior?
Variable ratio
Fixed ratio
Fixed interval
Continuous

Variable ratio

Albert Bandura’s theory of learning emphasizes
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Drive reduction
Trial-and-error learning

Observational learning

Which neurotransmitter is most associated with reward and pleasure?
Dopamine
Serotonin
GABA
Acetylcholine

Dopamine

The concept of "g factor" in intelligence was proposed by
Spearman
Thurstone
Gardner
Sternberg

Spearman

Which psychologist proposed "the law of effect"?
Thorndike
Skinner
Watson
Pavlov

Thorndike

Which brain structure is crucial for regulating emotions like fear?
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Pons
Cerebellum

Amygdala

Freud considered dreams to be
The royal road to the unconscious
Random neural activity
Unrelated to psychology
Examples of classical conditioning

The royal road to the unconscious

The psychological term for maintaining balance in internal conditions is
Homeostasis
Assimilation
Repression
Equilibration

Homeostasis

Who developed the hierarchy of needs?
Maslow
Rogers
Freud
Skinner

Maslow

The basic unit of thought is a
Concept
Schema
Image
Prototype

Concept

Which disorder involves alternating states of depression and mania?
Bipolar disorder
Major depression
Panic disorder
Schizophrenia

Bipolar disorder

Which approach in psychology focuses on free will and self-actualization?
Humanistic
Behaviorist
Psychoanalytic
Cognitive

Humanistic

Which theorist is associated with the concept of “inferiority complex”?
Alfred Adler
Carl Jung
Erik Erikson
Sigmund Freud

Alfred Adler

Which term refers to organized mental frameworks about a concept or person?
Schemas
Scripts
Reflexes
Heuristics

Schemas

The method of successive approximations is used in
Shaping
Chaining
Discrimination
Latent learning

Shaping

Which term is used to describe memory for facts and information?
Semantic memory
Procedural memory
Episodic memory
Iconic memory

Semantic memory

Which psychologist used nonsense syllables to study memory?
Ebbinghaus
Wundt
James
Thorndike

Ebbinghaus

Which type of validity refers to whether a test appears to measure what it claims?
Face validity
Predictive validity
Concurrent validity
Construct validity

Face validity

What does the Stroop test assess?
Selective attention
Reaction time
Working memory
Visual acuity

Selective attention

Which brain region is primarily involved in language production?
Broca’s area
Wernicke’s area
Thalamus
Occipital lobe

Broca’s area

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for hearing?
Temporal lobe
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe

Temporal lobe

Which kind of amnesia involves difficulty forming new memories?
Anterograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Source amnesia
Infantile amnesia

Anterograde amnesia

Which is the best method for studying cause-effect relationships?
Experiment
Survey
Observation
Case study

Experiment

Which part of the nervous system controls voluntary movements?
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Parasympathetic system
Sympathetic system

Somatic nervous system

The concept of “archetypes” belongs to
Carl Jung
Sigmund Freud
Alfred Adler
Karen Horney

Carl Jung

The basic unit of the nervous system is the
Neuron
Axon
Glia
Dendrite

Neuron

Who developed the concept of "zone of proximal development"?
Vygotsky
Piaget
Erikson
Bandura

Vygotsky

Which theory explains motivation as the need to reduce internal tension?
Drive reduction theory
Arousal theory
Self-determination theory
Incentive theory

Drive reduction theory

Which term best describes the mental shortcuts we use for problem-solving?
Heuristics
Algorithms
Scripts
Schemas

Heuristics

Which personality assessment uses ambiguous images?
Rorschach test
MMPI
16PF
NEO-PI-R

Rorschach test

Which brain structure coordinates balance and motor skills?
Cerebellum
Medulla
Amygdala
Hypothalamus

Cerebellum

Which approach emphasizes unconscious processes and childhood experiences?
Psychoanalytic
Behaviorist
Cognitive
Humanistic

Psychoanalytic

Which term refers to a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience?
Learning
Perception
Cognition
Adaptation

Learning

Which memory process involves locating stored information?
Retrieval
Encoding
Storage
Consolidation

Retrieval

Who proposed eight stages of psychosocial development?
Erik Erikson
Sigmund Freud
Jean Piaget
Carl Jung

Erik Erikson

The final stage in Kohlberg's moral development is based on
Universal ethical principles
Social norms
Punishment and obedience
Law and order

Universal ethical principles

Which disorder is associated with persistent unwanted thoughts?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Phobia
PTSD
Bipolar disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Which schedule of reinforcement is based on the number of responses?
Ratio schedule
Interval schedule
Fixed interval
Fixed duration

Ratio schedule

Which defense mechanism involves attributing one’s own feelings to others?
Projection
Regression
Repression
Denial

Projection

Who coined the term “archetypes”?
Carl Jung
Freud
Rogers
Maslow

Carl Jung

Which type of research method involves in-depth study of one individual?
Case study
Survey
Experiment
Meta-analysis

Case study

Which learning occurs without conscious awareness?
Latent learning
Insight learning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning

Latent learning

Which memory type involves personal life events?
Episodic memory
Semantic memory
Procedural memory
Implicit memory

Episodic memory