Human Anatomy & Physiology - Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: pH Balance

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts related to pH balance, acid-base imbalances, and compensation mechanisms in human anatomy and physiology.

pH balance

The regulation of hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids, typically around a pH of 7.4.

Fixed acids

Acids that do not change with metabolism, often due to metabolic waste.

Volatile acids

Acids that can change to a gas, such as carbonic acid which can form from CO2.

Acidosis

A condition where blood pH drops below 7.35.

Alkalosis

A condition where blood pH rises above 7.45.

Respiratory acidosis

Acidosis caused by hypoventilation, leading to decreased airflow and impaired gas exchange.

Respiratory alkalosis

Alkalosis caused by hyperventilation, often associated with anxiety or hypoxia.

Metabolic acidosis

A reduction in blood pH due to increased acid production or reduced renal function.

Metabolic alkalosis

An increase in blood pH due to loss of hydrogen ions or excessive intake of antacids.

Buffering capacity

The ability of a solution to resist changes in pH upon the addition of acids or bases.

Protein buffers

Proteins that can act as weak acids or bases, providing buffering capacity in plasma and intracellular fluid.

Phosphate buffering

A buffering system predominantly active in intracellular fluid, using HPO4²- as a weak base.

Bicarbonate buffering

A crucial buffering system in plasma involving HCO3- as a weak base and H2CO3 as a weak acid.

Respiratory compensation

Adaptive changes in respiration rate to manage pH balance during acidosis or alkalosis.

Renal compensation

Renal adjustments involving secretion or reabsorption of H+ and HCO3- to maintain pH balance.