USH Final

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in North America.

House of Burgesses

First democratically elected legislative body in the colonies.

Indentured Servants

People who agreed to work in exchange for a passage to America.

Puritans

English protestants who want to 'purify' Church of England.

Bacon's Rebellion

Armed uprising.

Mercantilism

Gov. power to maximize exports & minimize imports.

Salutary Neglect

British policy of loosely enforcing laws.

Enlightenment

Era focused on reasoning & science.

First Great Awakening

Protestant religious revival.

Second Great Awakening

Shift to free will & human ability to protect society.

Intolerable Acts

Laws passed by Britain to punish Massachusetts for BTP.

American Revolution

Colonies want freedom from Britain.

Patriots

American colonists who fought against Britain.

Loyalists

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain.

Articles of Confederation

First governing document of the U.S.

Federalism

Power is divided & shared between federal & state.

Two Party System

Two major parties dominate in elections.

National Bank

Proposed by Hamilton, aimed to stabilize economy, but failed.

Tariff

Tax placed on imported goods.

Declaration of Neutrality

Policy of non-involvement in European conflicts.

Whiskey Rebellion

Uprising against federal tax.

Trail of Tears

Relocation of Natives.

Temperance Movement

Banning alcohol consumption.

Abolitionist

Advocation for the end of a practice (slavery).

Transcendentalism

Movement emphasizing goodness of people & nature.

Manifest Destiny

Belief that American expansion was justified & inevitable.

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Ended Mexican-American war.

California Gold Rush

Massive migration to West due to gold discovery.

Popular Sovereignty

Government's power comes from the people.

Underground Railroad

Series of routes & safe houses blacks used to escape to freedom.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Exposed slavery's brutality & strengthened abolitionism.

Dred Scott decision

Blacks were not citizens & couldn't sue in court.

Civil War

Divisions between slavery, slave use, and federal powers political conflicts.

Reconstruction

Rebuilding South & integrating freed slaves into society.

Radical Reconstruction

Federal intervention to protect rights of freedmen.

Freedmen's Bureau

Assist freed slaves in South, provide education, healthcare, jobs.

40 acres & a mule

Symbolizes failures of Reconstruction as promise was unfulfilled.

Columbus

Italian explorer who discovered America.

John Smith

Leader & explorer of Jamestown Colony.

Roger Williams

Founder of Rhode Island, advocated for fair treatment of Natives.

Benjamin Franklin

Founding Father, contributed to Declaration of Independence & Constitution.

Thomas Jefferson

Declaration of Independence main writer, third U.S. president.

Washington

First U.S. president.

Thomas Paine

Common Sense writer.

John Adams

Second U.S. president.

James Madison

Leader of Democratic-Republican party.

Alexander Hamilton

Created Bank of U.S., first secretary of treasury.

John Marshall

4th U.S. Chief Justice who established the Supreme Court.

Tecumseh

Promoted resistance of U.S. expansion onto Native lands.

John Quincy Adams

Sixth U.S. president.

Nat Turner

Led the largest slave revolt in the U.S.

U.S. Grant

18th president of U.S.

Robert E. Lee

Confederate general & military leader.

Abraham Lincoln

16th U.S. president, led nation through Civil War, ended slavery.

Emancipation Proclamation

Executive order by Abraham Lincoln to free slaves.