How close a series of measurements are to an accepted value
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Precision
How close a series of measurements are to each other
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Speed
The distance traveled per unit time
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Constant speed
Speed that does not change over a period of time
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Average speed
The total distance traveled divided by the time it took to travel that distance
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Instantaneous speed
The speed at a given moment
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Velocity
Speed in a given direction
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Doppler effect
The change in the pitch or frequency of a sound for an observer that is moving relative to the source of the sound
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Reaction distance
The distance that a vehicle travels in the time it takes the driver to react
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Initial speed
The speed at which you begin to apply the brakes
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Breaking distance
The distance required to bring the vehicle to rest once the breaks are applied.
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Stopping distance
Minimum distance required to stop a vehicle in an emergency
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Acceleration
The change in velocity with respect to a change in time
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Vector
A quantity that has both magnitude and direction
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Negative acceleration
A decrease in velocity with respect to time
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Positive acceleration
An increase in velocity with respect to time.
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Force
An interaction between two objects that can result in an acceleration of either or both objects.
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Pressure
Force that is spread out over a given area
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Kinetic Energy
The energy possessed by a moving body
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Law of conservation of momentum
The momentum before a collision is equal to the momentum after a collision
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Newton's third law of motion
If object A and object B collide, the force of object A and B will be equal and opposite to the force of object B on A.
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Newton's First Law
An object in motion will stay in motion at a constant speed and travel in a strait line unless a force acts on it.
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Newton's Second Law
If a body is acted on by an unbalanced force it will accelerate in the direction of the unbalanced force. (The smaller the mass, the bigger the acceleration.)
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Inertia
The natural tendency of an object to remain at rest or to remain moving with constant speed in a straight line.
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First collision
Vehicle hits an object and comes to a stop or slows down.
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Second collision
People in the vehicle will continue to move at the same speed until they are stopped by the interior parts of the vehicle.
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Third collision
The brain and body organs are also moving at the speed and will continue to move until the shell of the body is stops them.
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Work
The amount of force applied on an object over a certain distance
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Does work equal the change in kinetic Energy? True/False
True
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Whiplash
The common name for a type of neck injury to muscles of the neck
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What is the unit of work?
Joule
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What is the unit of pressure?
Pascals
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What is the unit for kinetic energy?
Joule
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What is the unit for momentum?
kg\*m/s
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What is momentum?
The product of the mass and the velocity of an object; momentum is a vector quantity
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What is impulse?
A change in momentum of an object
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What is the unit of force?
Newtons
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What is unbalanced force?
It is the force applied in one direction is greater than the force applied in the opposite direction.
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What is a overlap zone?
It is where the GO zone and STOP zone overlap, and the driver has a choice to either stop or go safely.
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What is the Dilemma Zone?
It is where there is a gap between the GO zone and STOP zone.
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Does a good intersection have a Overlap Zone or Dilemma Zone?
Overlap Zone
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What is the STOP zone?
It is all positions where the automobile can safely stop before reaching the intersection
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The width and the yellow-light time has effect in the STOP zone? True or False
False
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What is the GO zone?
It is all positions where the automobile can safely make it through the intersection when the light turns yellow.
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Breaking (negative) acceleration and the driver’s reaction time have no effect in the GO zone?
True
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What is the SI unit of length?
Meter
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What is the SI unit of mass?
Kilogram
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What is the SI unit of time?
Second
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What is the SI unit of temperature?
Kelvin
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What is the SI unit of current?
Ampere
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Work only increases kinetic Energy. True or False
False
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If you double your velocity, your kinetic energy is quadrupled? True or False
True
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The greater the stopping distance, the greater the force applied over the distance. True or False
False
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Momentum is a vector quantity. True or False
True
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It is possible for an object to lose inertia. True or False
True
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An objects mass does not affect its inertia. True or False
False
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The speed of the car has a effect on the reaction time of a person driving the car. True or False
False
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Two equal-mass safety dummies are being used to test seat belts. Dummy A has a wide seat belt and Dummy B has a narrow seat belt. Both dummies are crashed into a barrier while in the same car. Which statement below best describes the forces needed to stop each dummy?
Dummy B’s force is bigger than Dummy A’s
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Whiplash is most prominent in which type of collison?
Rear-end collisions
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A constant net force of 20 N acts on an object of mass 5 kg. As the mass of the object is increased, the acceleration of the object will do what?
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