Music Appreciation Chapter 3

What dominated Middle Ages music

From 450–1450, The Catholic Church (religion).

Sacred vs. secular

Sacred = religious. Secular = non-religious.

Typical Middle Ages music

Vocal, sacred,short.

Middle Ages texture

Monophonic or polyphonic.

Important Middle Ages composers

Leonin, Perotin, Machaut.

Famous woman of the Middle Ages

Hildegard of Bingen who wrote plays, poetry, and music

Middle Ages music forms

Chant, organum, motet, mass.

What is Gregorian chant?

Early sacred church music of the Middle Ages.

What changed in the Renaissance

From 1450–1600, focus shifted from church → human life.

Renaissance sacred or secular?

Both, but mostly secular.

New texture of the Renaissance

Homophony; harmonized melodies

Renaissance composers to know

Josquin, Palestrina, Monteverdi, Susato, Dufay.

Renaissance music elements changed how?

More dynamics, wider tempo range, wider melodies.

Renaissance forms

Motet, mass, madrigal.

Secular music during the renaissance

Chanson = love song; Madrigal = entertainment song.

Renaissance instruments vs. voice

Instruments improved, but voice still superior.

Important renaissance composer from Venice

Giovanni Gabrieli.

What made Gabrieli’s music special?

Instrument “choirs,” some playing together at moments, and separately.

What defined Baroque music?

From 1600–1750, Instruments, soloists, strong rhythm, bass line, harmony.

Most important Baroque composers

Bach and Handel.

Three major Baroque forms

Fugue, concerto, opera.

What is a fugue?

Polyphonic, imitative, usually short and for keyboards.

What is a concerto?

Showcases a star soloist.

What is an opera?

A musical way to deliver a dramatic play.

Classical era style

1750–1820 and Elegant, refined, restrained. Pianos

Most important Classical composers

Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven.

Most important Classical forms

Symphony, string quartet, concerto.

Two styles of opera

Opera seria & opera buffa

Romantic period main value

From 1820–1900. Emotion and self-expression.

Romantic music characteristics

Expressive & free rhythm, dramatic melody, more textures, STORY TELLING, longer works.

Modern era (1900–present) key change

Old rules rejected; tone color & rhythm more important than melody and harmony.

Modern music composers

Debussy, Stravinsky, and Schoenberg

What style of music that developed in America had a great impact on art music?

Jazz