Unit #5 AP psych

stress

perceving and responding to certain events called stressors that we see as threatening or challenging

linked to hypertension. headaches, and immune suppression

GAS

General adaption syndrome - the process of stress

Alarm- rxn occurs when stress is encountered

resistance- stress is confronted

exhaustion- stress subsides - most susceptible to illness

tend and befriend theory

under stress (usually women) nurture themselves and others to bond and seek support from others

fight or flight is males

Problem focused coping (5 strategies what?)

attempt to alleviate stress by changing the stressor or the way we interact w/ that stressor

sees stress as a problem to be solved

to-do list, support, priortizing tasks, challenging negative self-talk, pause & breathe

Emotion focused coping (4 strats what ?)

avoiding a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to a stress rxn

managing emotional rxns

deep breathing, meditation, excersice, taking a shower/bath to reduce stressful responses

internal locus control

perception that we control our own fate

external locus control

perception that outside forces beyond our control determine our fate

Resilience

personal strength to aid w/ coping w/ stress and recover from adversity or trauma

subjective well being

happiness of satisfaction w/ life evaluating peoples quality of life

happiness

our interpretaion of reality changes our experience of that reality

if your sad forcing yourself to physically smile will make you believe u r happy

¨undoing effect”- funny video, call a friend

relative deprivation ( honda vs. lambo)

perception that we are worse compared to other people

Medical Model

psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed,treated, and in most cases cured

diathesis stress model

genetic predispositions combine w/ enviornmental stressors influence psychological disorders

epigenetics

study of molecular mechanisms by which environment can influence genetic expression

smoking increases disease risk

Generalized Anxiety disorder

a person is tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

worries about thing they cant control

symptoms: dizzy, sweating, irregular heartbeat

specific phobia

a persistant irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

symptoms: avoiding triggers that arouse fear

panic disorder

a person experiences panic attacks with sudden episodes of dread / terror and physical chest pains, choking, or a frieightening sensation

symptoms: irregular heartbeat, chest pains, shortness of breath, choking, trembling, or dizziness

Agroaphobia

a persistent fear of situations like crowds or open spaces where one may lose control or panic

irrational fear of being in open or unfamiliar places where escape may be difficult

symptoms: avoiding outside your home, a crowd, public space, or transportation

OCD(obsessive compulsive disorder)

an unwanted repetitive thought/obsession, responses/behaviors

symptoms: persistantly interferes w/ everyday life and causes distress in thoughts or behaviors

PTSD ( post traumatic stress disorder)

constant feelings of anxiety cause by experiences so traumatic it produces stress

ex;flashbacks, nightmares, numbness of feeling, avoidance of stimuli paired w/ trauma, increased tension leads to sleeping problems and etc.

symptoms: reoccuring vivid distressing memories and nightmares

Dissociative Amnesia

A sudden memory loss following a stressful or traumatic event. Some may lose their identity

symptoms:gaps in memory beyond typical forgetting

Dissocitative identity disorder (DID)

a person exhibits 2 or more distinct alternating personalities

major depressive disorder

a mood disorder where a person for no apparent reason exhibits depression two or more weeks of a depressed mood, feelings of worthlessness, and a diminished interest or pleasure in activities

symptoms: depressed mood, physical agitation, less energy, feeling worthless, problems in thinking or making descisions

persistant depressive disorder

a depressed mood for at least 2 years or more

symptoms: feeling hopeless, regulation of sleeping problem, appetite regulation, poor self-esteem, reduced energy levels

Bipolar 1 disorder

most severe form w/ a euphoric, talkative, highly energetic, and overly ambitious state that lasts a week or longer ; typically alternating with severe depressive episodes

symptoms: extremes shift in mood, activity level, significant impairment in daily life

Bipolar Disorder 2

a less severe form of bipolar and is characterized by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes ( milder, elevated mood) . DOES NOT involve full mania

schizophrenia

disorganized or delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, innapropiate emotions or actions

symptoms: split mind, disorganized speech,

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( ASD)

extreme inattention or hyperactivity + impulsivity caused by brain differences

affects social interactions + behavior

symptoms: struggle with sensory, communication, or social isolation

Anorexia

Restricting food to keep body size as small as possible , afraid of gaining weight and obsess over being thin

symptoms: starving yourself to lose weight, dieting habit, feeling fat, fear being fat, obsession of weight loss

Bulimia

Binge eating is followed by innapropiate weight loss promoting behavior like vomiting, laxitives, fasting, or excessive excercise

symptoms: weight flucuation, eating in spurts, depression, guilt/anixety

(Schizoid personality disorder) Which cluster?

social detachment, limited emotional expression,

Cluster A

Schizotypal personality disorder ( which cluster)

intense social discomfort, distorted cognitive or perception

relationships might be hindered with distorted views of reality , superstisons, or unusual behaviors

Cluster A

Paranoid personality disorder ( which cluster)

Cluster A

PARANOIA

relentless mistrust and suspicion of others

believe others are trying to harm them

Antisocial Personality disorder ( which cluster)

Cluster B

a lack of respect to others and dont follow socially accepted rules

a lack of conscious for wrongdoings to others

Borderline Personality Disorder ( which cluster)

Cluster B

difficulty regulating emotions resulting in low self- esteem , mood swings, and impulsive behaviors

Narcissistic Personality disorder (which cluster )

admiration seeking behavior, deficient empathy

Cluster B

Feeling better than others

Histrionic Personality disorder ( which cluster)

Cluster B

extreme emotional expression, need for attention

intense unstable emotions and a distorted self-image. a desire to be noticed, easily influenced by others

Avoidant personality disorder ( which cluster)

Cluster c

chronic feelings of inadequacy and sensitive to being judged by others

avoid social interaction due to the fear of being rejected

Dependent personality disorder ( Which cluster)

submissive behavior, emotional neediness

excessive need to be cared for

passive clinging and fear separation

Cluster c

Obsessive- Compulsive Personality disorder ( which cluster)

Cluster C

an extreme need for order , control , or perfectionism

can interfere w/ relationships or tasks

Psychoanalysis

attributes thoughts and actions to an unconscious motive

treats order by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Systematic Desensitization

counterconditioning

associate a relaxed state w/ a gradual

increase of an anxiety triggering stimulus in which people safely face their fears

treat phobias ex: scared of spiders see picture→ touch fake spider → touch dead spider → touch real spider

group therapy

allows for others to realize they r not alone

find new coping mechanisms

couples and family therapy

treats the family as a system

views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members

guides family members toward + relationships and an increase in communication

aversion therapy

Associate unpleasant state with an unwatned behavior and learn what not to do

alcohol+ drug= nausea

stop drinking alcohol because you dont like being naseous

Cognitive therapy

teaches new adaptive ways of thinking or acting

based on the assumptions that thoughts intervene between events and r emotional rxn

Power over own mind

cognitive behavioral therapy

change harmful or suicidal thoughts

change self-defeated thinking with changing behavior

exposure therapy

exposure that treats anxieties by exposure to fear & avoid things

Systematic des. or VR

Lithium

mood swings of bipolar (manic - depressive) disorder