Biology 102 unit 1 exam questions

What gives us our physical traits in the level of central dogma

proteins

where does rna polymerase bind to begin transcription?

promoter

what is the process by which a ribosome assembles a polypeptide according to the directions provided in an mrna molecule?

translation

which type of rna delivers amino acids to the ribosome?

Trna

during what process does rna polymerase synthesize molecules of rna?

transcription

how many bases are in a codon?

3

what are the nucleotide sequences that pair with a codon that are found in

anticodon

in eukaryotes, where are mrna molecules modified after transcription?

nucleus

five prime cap, poly a tail, splicing of introns

what type of rna passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and specifies the sequence of ___ in a polypeptide?

mRNA

form small ribosomal subunits

rRNA

moving individuals from one population to another is an example of:

gene flow

in the hardy Weinberg equation, p and q represent the frequencies of what?

the alleles

A restriction in genetic variation caused by a reduction in population size is referred to as:

a genetic bottleneck

in the hardy Weinberg equilibrium what represents the heterozygous genotypic frequency

2pq

in any example of natural selection, where individuals are moving in one particular way, what type of selection does that represent?

directional

when animals select mates that are phenotypically similar to each other

assortive mating

when is the result for the genotypes in a population of assortive mating?

a lot of homozygotes

and what type of selection is the population strongly selected in two directions?

disruptive

an organism that leaves the great number of offspring in the next generation has the highest level of what?

fitness

an artificial selection who is doing the choosing of who gets to survive and reproduce?

humans

what is the term that refers to a situation in which individuals with a darker color predominate due to survival and a polluted environment?

industrial melanism

how can you date a fossil in a rock?

absolute dating-based on half-life/relative dating-by the layers

structures with no apparent function:

vestigial structures

structures that have different functions currently but came from the same common ancestor:

homologous structures

different lineages developed the same forms due to the same selective pressures:

convergent evolution

model this is the evolution proceeds slowly over time:

gradualism

speciation that close with the presence of a geographic carrier:

allopatric

reproductive isolation mechanisms that prevent the formation of hybrid zygotes:

prezygotic

Type of evolution that occurs when two species are competing for the same resources:

character displacement

The term that refers to two species existing in the same space:

sympatric

What is the way that sympatric speciation can occur almost instant instantaneously especially in plants:

(polyploidy (allo or auto))

What term describes the fact that natural selection favors strong pre-zygotic isolating mechanisms that prevent hybridization?

reinforcement