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Metabolic Pathway
What is it called when a fuel is used and large molecules are made in an integrated network of reactions?
Ribose
Which of the following is a component of ATP?
90%
How much ATP is the proton gradient responsible for
Vitamins
What is a source of coenzymes in higher animals?
Oxygen
What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
Carbon Dioxide
What is the product of complete oxidation?
Formation of isocitrate from citrate
Which of the following is an example of isomerization?
ATP
What is the chemical currency of the cell?
NADPH has been esterified with phosphate
What is the difference between NADPH and NADH?
FADH2
What is the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide?
A carbonyl group reacting with an alcohol group
What causes the cyclization of sugars?
When the substituent on C1 is opposite the substituent of C6
What is an alpha anomer?
Glucose
What is the essential molecule of energy storage
Long straight beta linkages
What gives cellulose its unique properties?
Epimers
What is it called when two monosaccharides differ in stereochem at one place?
Two molecules of pyruvate and two molecules of ATP
What does glycolysis produce?
Mg2+ or Mn2+
What ions does hexokinase need?
Kinases
What type of enzyme transfers a phosphate group?
In the liver
Where is fructose metabolized?
Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate
What activates pyruvate kinase?
In the kidneys
In what organ does gluconeogenesis occur?
The liver
What controls glucose levels in the blood?
In the lumen of the ER
Where is free glucose located in the cell?
Glucogen
What stimulates protein kinase A?
It couples the reaction to phosphorylation to make it go forward
What is the purpose of the thioester intermediate?
Lipoamide
What is the prosthetic group of E2?
Coenzyme Q
What part of the electron transport chain accepts electrons from iron sulfur clusters?
Alpha-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate
What components of the citric acid cycle can be used to synthesize amino acids?
Succinyl CoA
What is the inhibitor of the rate limiting step of the citric acid cycle?
Inhibition by phosphorylation
What is the key regulator of pyruvate dehydrogenase?
NADH-Q oxidoreductase
What is the name of complex 1 in the electron transport chain?
Succinate dehydrogenase
What is the name of complex 2 in the electron transport chain?
Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
What is the name of complex 3 in the electron transport chain?
Cytochrome c oxidase
What is the name of complex 4 in the electron transport chain?
Heme as a prosthetic group
What does cytochrome contain that aids in electron transfer?
Cytochrome c oxidase
What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of O2 into H2O?
Iron sulfur clusters
What is the prosthetic group present in complexes 1,2, and 3?
Coenzyme Q
What has an isoprenoid tail?
One half channel is exposed towards the matrix and the other half channel is exposed to the intermembrane space
Which of the following is true about complex 1?
Cytochrome C
Which of the following is water soluble?
Proton gradient
What type of gradient is used to power ATP synthase
A pH gradient is formed by the movement of protons from the inner mitochondrial space to the matrix.
What gradient is formed and what forms it?
In the inner membrane
Where does ATP synthesis occur?
ADP enters only if ATP exists
Which of the following is true?
It causes ATP to be released
What is the role of the proton gradient?
Note 
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