myth and religion mock

zeus/jupiter

King of the gods

zeus symbols

lightning bolt, eagle, throne, sceptre

Poseidon/Neptune

God of the sea, earthquakes, storms

poseidon signs

horses, dolphins, trident

hades/pluto

God of the underworld

hera/juno

Goddess of marriage, women, childbirth, family

hera symbols

peacock, diadem, sceptre

demeter/ceres

goddess of the harvest, grain, summer

demeter symbols

wheat, grain, flowers, diadem

hestia/vesta

godess of hearth, fire, vestal virgins

hestia symbols

veiled head, fire, plant

Hephaestus/Vulcan

god of metalwork, fire, craftsmen

hephaestus symbols

hammer, tongs, anvil

aphrodite/venus

goddess of love and beauty

aphrodite symbols

usually naked, swan, emerging from sea shell

hades symbol

cornucopia, scepter

Athena/Minerva

Goddess of wisdom and war

athena symbols

owl, olives, helmet, spear, shield

artemis/diana

goddess of the hunt and the moon

artemis symbols

bow and arrow, wild animals

apollo

god of music, the arts, medicine, prophecies

apollo symbols

lyre, bow and arrow, young

hermes/mercury

Messenger of the gods

hermes symbol

winged sandals, caduceus, travellers cap

ares/mars

God of war

ares symbol

armour

Dionysus/Bacchus

God of wine and theatre

dionysus symbols

vines, wine, grapes, meanads, satyrs

city dionysia date

took place in spring

why does the city dionysia happen

the athenians rejected the eleutheraeans gift of a statue of dionysus, a plague then spread which affected mens genitals, so the athenians accepted dionysus into the city through the festival

city dionysia length

5 days

city dionysia officials

eponymous archon, choregos

eponymous archon

elected official who selected the playwrights

choregos

chorus director who was the financial banker

dithyramb competition

tribal dance in honour of dionysus

city dionysia day 1

pompe, dithyrambic contests, komos

pompe

procession/carnival, statue of dionysus was accompanied from the city gates to the sancturary

komos

men only party

city dionysia day 2

opening ceremony, 5 comedies

themes in greek comedies

war, politics, social life

cost to enter theatre contests

2 abols, however the state would pay if someones couldnt afford it

city dionysia day 3/4

3 tragedies, 1 satyr play

city dionysia day 5

3 tragedies, 1 satyr play, judging, prize giving

city dionysia prize

a garland of ivy

city dionysia judging method

judges wrote order of preference, archon drew 5 out of the 10 lists and whoever had the most votes won

the great panathenaia origins

celebration of athenas birthday

great panathenaia sacrifice

up to 100 oxen, took place on altar of athena polias, only athenians could attend

great panathenaia programme

rhapsodic/musical contest, youth atheltics, mens atheltics, equestrian events, tribal contests, all night celebration, procession, sacrifice, apobates and boat race, prize giving

great panathenaia length

8 days

great panathenaia prize

amphorae

amphorae

jug filled with olive oil, decorated with athena and event won

great panathenaia gift to athena

peplos

great panathenaia participants

athenians and resident foreigners

great panthenaia occurs in..

every four years, end of july

lupercalia honoured

romulus

lupercalia occurs in

15 february

lupercalia officials

priests called luperci

lupercalia programme

sacrifice, race around foot of palatine hill

lupercalia sacrifice

mola salsa sprinkled, animals bowed head, throat slit,knife dipper in animals blood, dripped onto forehead, wool soaked in milk used to wipe off blood, participants laugh, haruspex examines entrails, animal skins used to make loincloths and strips for race

saturnalia god

saturn, god of seed

saturnalia length

5 days, in winter

saturnalia officials

priests of the temple of saturn

saturnalia programme

sacrifice, public feast, private feast, gift giving

saturnalia private feast

slave and masters were seen as equal

saturnalia participants

everyone in all of society took part

hiereus

priest

hieria

priestess

mantis

prophet

sancturary

a holy area which contained a temple and altar to a god

greek temple function

seen as a house for the god, to show of the citys wealth, honour the god

naos

room which housed the gods statue

plinth

raised base which the temple is built on

opisthodomos

treasure room

ionic frieze

continuous, singular story

doric frieze

story divided into different metopes

typical greek sacrifice

participants wear clean clothes, animal dressed in ribbons, procession to altar, fire lit at altar, participants wash hands, victim nod head as sprinkled with water, sacrificer cut hairs from victims head, victim throat cut, women cry, blood collected and stains the altar, victim skinned and butchered

role of a greek priest

assist upkeep of temple, undertake and oversee rituals

augur

read flights of birds

parthenon location

acropolis in athens

parthenon purpose

keep treasury, honour athena, show off athens wealth

parthenon east pediment

birth of athena

parthenon west pediment

battle for patron saint of athens

parthenon north metopes

trojan war

parthenon south metopes

Centauromachy

parthenon east metopes

gigantomachy

parthenon west metopes

greeks vs athenians

statue of athena material

chryselephantine (gold and ivory)

temple of zeus location

Sanctuary of Olympia, Altis

temple of zeus altar

7m high, was there before the temple

temple of zeus west pediment

centaurs vs lapiths

temple of zeus east pediment

Chariot race between Pelops and Oinomaos

temple of zeus metopes

labours of hercules

temple of zeus special structure

double collonade

pontiff

priest

Pontifex Maximus

chief priest

vestal virgins

college of priestesses who represent vesta and keep the fire of vesta going

privileges of a vestal virgin

could vote, best seats at games, could own property, make their own will

haruspex

priest who saw the future by watching how the animal fell to the ground after being killed, examine the smoke and read its entrails

roman animal sacrifice kill

animal struck on head by a popa to stun it and then have its throat slit

temple of portunus location

forum boarium