Pharmacology Quiz Reviewer

Rudolf Buccheim

Pioneer work in Experimental Pharmacology

Oswald Schmiedeberg

A German Pharmacologist who put forward many fundamental concepts in pharmacology. Father of Modern Pharmacology. Father of Pharmacology

Claude Bernard

Father of Modern Experimental Pharmacology

Paul Ehrlich

Father of Chemotherapy

Louise Lasagna

Father of Clinical Pharmacology

Clinical Pharmacology

The study of medications in humans and their effectivity, safety, and economic use in patients.

Pharmacology

The science of the actions of medicines, their nature, preparation, management, administration, and their effects. The study of drugs and their actions on living organisms.

OD

Once a Day

BID

Twice or Two time a day (bis in die)

TID

Three times a day (ter in die)

QID

Four times a day (8-12-4-8)

Q 4 Hours

Every four hours

RTC

Round the clock

PRN

As necessary or as needed

STAT

immediate

Q2H ON THE HOUR

Every 2 hours (2,4,6,8, etc)

AC

Before meals (ante cebum)

ACB

Before breakfast

PC

After meals (post cebum)

HS

At bedtime

gtt

measurement for drop

ugtt/mgtt

measurement for microdrop

L

measurement for liter

p or Pt

measurement for pint

oz

measurement for ounce

tsp

measurement for teaspoon

tbsp

measurement for tablespoon

g

measurement symbol for gram

mg

measurement symbol for milligram

ml

measurement symbol for milliliter

cc

measurement symbol for cubic centimeter

kg

measurement symbol for kilogram

lbs

measurement symbol for pounds

mcg/ucg

measurement symbol for microgram

meq

measurement symbol for milliequivalent

Liquid

The active part of the medicine is combined with a liquid to make it easier to take or better absorbed.

Tablet

The active ingredient is combined with another substance and pressed into a round or oval solid shape.

Capsules

Contains medication inside an outer shell. Contain either powdered or liquid medication, though both versions work the same.

Topical Medicines

Medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body.

Suppositories

Solid medications that enter the body through the rectum, vagina, or urethra. Once it’s inside, it melts or dissolves and releases its medication.

Drops

Any liquid medication administered using a dropper.

Inhalers

The medicine is a mist or spray that the person breathes in.

Injections

Drugs that can be put into the body using a needle and syringe.

Vial

A small glass or plastic vessel or bottle often used to store medication in the form of liquids, powders, or capsules.

Ampule

is a hermetically sealed vial made of glass or plastic that contains a sterile medicinal solution or a powder that is usually made into a solution for intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous injection.

PO

per orem/oral

SL

Sublingual (under the tongue)

BUCCAL

between the cheek and gum

PV

Per vagina

PR

Per rectum or rectal

IV

intravenous (into the vein)

IM

intramuscular (into the muscle)

SC

subcutaneous (underneath the skin/cutaneous)

ID

intradermal (into the skin)

Amphetamine

A drug that increases energy and excitement and makes you less hungry

Anabolic Steroid

A drug that increases muscle tone. used illegaly by some sports people to make themselves stronger.

Anesthetic

A drug or gas is given to someone before a surgical operation/procedure to stop them from feeling the pain.

General Anesthetic

Anesthetics that affect the whole body by makin a person unconscious.

Local Anesthetics

Anesthetics that make someone feel no feeling in only a part of the body.

antibiotic

A drug that cures illnesses and infectious caused by bacteria. Doctors often give clients a course of this when they have to take a fixed amount of medicine each day for several days.

Anticoagulant

A substance that prevents blood from coagulating.

Antipyretic

Reducing fever (pyrexia/pyresis)

Antidepressant

A drug used for treating someone who is depressed (so unhappy that they are considered sick)

Antidote

A substance that prevent a poison from having bad effects on the body

Antiseptic

Prevention of germ growth near burns, cuts, and wounds.

Anti-Histamine

A drug used to treat an allergy

Anti-inflammatory

A drug taken to reduce inflammation (swelling, heat, and pain)

Antiretroviral

drugs used to treat certain types of viruses, especially HIV.

Barbiturate

A strong drug that doctors give to people to make them calm or help them sleep.

Beta-blocker

A drug that makes you heart work more slowly, used for treating blood pressure.

Booster

A small extra amount of a medical drug that is given so that a drug that had been taken before will continue to be effective.

Caplet

A pill shaped like an oval

Capsule

A small container filled with medicine that we swallow as a whole.

Contraceptive

A drug, method, or object used to prevent a woman from becoming pregnant.

Cough drop

a type of candy containing medicine that we suck when we have a cough or a sore throat

Cough syrup

A liquid medicine that we take to help cure a cough

Decongestant

A drug that helps us breathe more easily when we have a cold.

Depressant

A drug or substance that makes us feel relaxed and makes our body work and react more slowly.

Elixir

Clear fluid containing water and/or alcohol; desired for oral use, usually sweetener is added.

Emetic

A substance that makes us vomit

Expectorant

A medicine that we used to help us cough out phlegm

Hypnotics

Drugs that make you go to sleep

Laxative

A medicine, food, or drink that softens our stool to facilitate evacuation.

Lotion

Drug in liquid suspension applied externally to protect the skin.

Lozenges

Medicine is shaped like a candy that we suck if we have a cough or sore throat

Multivitamin

A pill that some people take to make themselves healthier, containing various vitamins and minerals.

Narcotics

These are drugs that people use when they are very sick in order to feel less pain and sleep better.

Ointment

Semi-solid, externally applied usually containing one or two more drugs.

Prophylactic

A medicine or treatment used for preventing disease or infection

Sedative

A drug that makes someone calmer or makes them sleep.

Serum

A liquid that is put into someone’s blood to help them fight an infection or a poison.

Solution

Liquid preparation that may be used orally, parenterally, or externally; it can also be instilled into a body organ or cavity with one or more dissolved compounds; it must be sterile, especiall if for parenteral use.

Suppository

Solid dosage form mixed with gelatine and shaped in the form of pellets for insertion into a body cavity (rectum, vagina); melts when it reaches body temperature, thereby releasing the drug for absorption.

Suspension

Finely divided drug particles dispensed in a liquid medium; when left standing, particles settled to the bottom of the container for oral medication only.

Syrup

Medicines dissolved in concentrated sugar, may contain flavoring to make the drug more palatable.

Steroid

a chemical produced in the body or made as a drug. Can act as hormones or be used for treating conditions such as swelling or, illegaly, by athletes to improve their performance.

Tablet

Solid form containing one or more drugs formed into different shapes. Are not 100% drug-based.

Tincture

A medicine made by mixing a small amount of a drug with alcohol.

Tranquilizer

A drug that calms people when they are very worried or nervous.

Troch

(Lozenge) flat round dosage form containing drug flavoring, sugar, and mucilage dissolves in the mouth to release the drug.