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Rudolf Buccheim
Pioneer work in Experimental Pharmacology
Oswald Schmiedeberg
A German Pharmacologist who put forward many fundamental concepts in pharmacology. Father of Modern Pharmacology. Father of Pharmacology
Claude Bernard
Father of Modern Experimental Pharmacology
Paul Ehrlich
Father of Chemotherapy
Louise Lasagna
Father of Clinical Pharmacology
Clinical Pharmacology
The study of medications in humans and their effectivity, safety, and economic use in patients.
Pharmacology
The science of the actions of medicines, their nature, preparation, management, administration, and their effects. The study of drugs and their actions on living organisms.
OD
Once a Day
BID
Twice or Two time a day (bis in die)
TID
Three times a day (ter in die)
QID
Four times a day (8-12-4-8)
Q 4 Hours
Every four hours
RTC
Round the clock
PRN
As necessary or as needed
STAT
immediate
Q2H ON THE HOUR
Every 2 hours (2,4,6,8, etc)
AC
Before meals (ante cebum)
ACB
Before breakfast
PC
After meals (post cebum)
HS
At bedtime
gtt
measurement for drop
ugtt/mgtt
measurement for microdrop
L
measurement for liter
p or Pt
measurement for pint
oz
measurement for ounce
tsp
measurement for teaspoon
tbsp
measurement for tablespoon
g
measurement symbol for gram
mg
measurement symbol for milligram
ml
measurement symbol for milliliter
cc
measurement symbol for cubic centimeter
kg
measurement symbol for kilogram
lbs
measurement symbol for pounds
mcg/ucg
measurement symbol for microgram
meq
measurement symbol for milliequivalent
Liquid
The active part of the medicine is combined with a liquid to make it easier to take or better absorbed.
Tablet
The active ingredient is combined with another substance and pressed into a round or oval solid shape.
Capsules
Contains medication inside an outer shell. Contain either powdered or liquid medication, though both versions work the same.
Topical Medicines
Medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body.
Suppositories
Solid medications that enter the body through the rectum, vagina, or urethra. Once it’s inside, it melts or dissolves and releases its medication.
Drops
Any liquid medication administered using a dropper.
Inhalers
The medicine is a mist or spray that the person breathes in.
Injections
Drugs that can be put into the body using a needle and syringe.
Vial
A small glass or plastic vessel or bottle often used to store medication in the form of liquids, powders, or capsules.
Ampule
is a hermetically sealed vial made of glass or plastic that contains a sterile medicinal solution or a powder that is usually made into a solution for intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous injection.
PO
per orem/oral
SL
Sublingual (under the tongue)
BUCCAL
between the cheek and gum
PV
Per vagina
PR
Per rectum or rectal
IV
intravenous (into the vein)
IM
intramuscular (into the muscle)
SC
subcutaneous (underneath the skin/cutaneous)
ID
intradermal (into the skin)
Amphetamine
A drug that increases energy and excitement and makes you less hungry
Anabolic Steroid
A drug that increases muscle tone. used illegaly by some sports people to make themselves stronger.
Anesthetic
A drug or gas is given to someone before a surgical operation/procedure to stop them from feeling the pain.
General Anesthetic
Anesthetics that affect the whole body by makin a person unconscious.
Local Anesthetics
Anesthetics that make someone feel no feeling in only a part of the body.
antibiotic
A drug that cures illnesses and infectious caused by bacteria. Doctors often give clients a course of this when they have to take a fixed amount of medicine each day for several days.
Anticoagulant
A substance that prevents blood from coagulating.
Antipyretic
Reducing fever (pyrexia/pyresis)
Antidepressant
A drug used for treating someone who is depressed (so unhappy that they are considered sick)
Antidote
A substance that prevent a poison from having bad effects on the body
Antiseptic
Prevention of germ growth near burns, cuts, and wounds.
Anti-Histamine
A drug used to treat an allergy
Anti-inflammatory
A drug taken to reduce inflammation (swelling, heat, and pain)
Antiretroviral
drugs used to treat certain types of viruses, especially HIV.
Barbiturate
A strong drug that doctors give to people to make them calm or help them sleep.
Beta-blocker
A drug that makes you heart work more slowly, used for treating blood pressure.
Booster
A small extra amount of a medical drug that is given so that a drug that had been taken before will continue to be effective.
Caplet
A pill shaped like an oval
Capsule
A small container filled with medicine that we swallow as a whole.
Contraceptive
A drug, method, or object used to prevent a woman from becoming pregnant.
Cough drop
a type of candy containing medicine that we suck when we have a cough or a sore throat
Cough syrup
A liquid medicine that we take to help cure a cough
Decongestant
A drug that helps us breathe more easily when we have a cold.
Depressant
A drug or substance that makes us feel relaxed and makes our body work and react more slowly.
Elixir
Clear fluid containing water and/or alcohol; desired for oral use, usually sweetener is added.
Emetic
A substance that makes us vomit
Expectorant
A medicine that we used to help us cough out phlegm
Hypnotics
Drugs that make you go to sleep
Laxative
A medicine, food, or drink that softens our stool to facilitate evacuation.
Lotion
Drug in liquid suspension applied externally to protect the skin.