Anatomy Exam 2

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216 Terms

1
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The phalanges are the bones of the
fingers and toes
2
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Which bone has no articulation with any other bone?
Hyoid
3
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Crescent-shaped pads of cartilage within synovial joints are called
menisci
4
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Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia and fibula for ankle movement?
Talus
5
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Which of the following is NOT a paranasal sinus?
Mastoidal
6
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Which suture is between the parietal and temporal bones?
Squamosal suture
7
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The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the
acromion process
8
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The sella turcica is a feature of the
sphenoid bone
9
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Ribs 8 through 12 are called
false ribs
10
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After birth, bones growth in length at the
epiphyseal plates
11
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Which of the following bones forms the back and base of the cranium?
Occipital
12
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What are the small passageways in compact bone that connect lacunae?
Canaliculi
13
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Which of the following is an example of a long bone?
Femur
14
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Another term for "hunchback" is
kyphosis
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Red marrow
produces blood cells
16
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Which forearm bone is on the lateral (thumb) side?
Radius
17
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The temporal process is a part of the ______ bone.
zygomatic
18
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The ______ of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity.
head
19
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What are the structures that are air-filled spaces of the skull bones?
Paranasal sinuses
20
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How many pairs of ribs are found in humans?
12
21
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The first cervical vertebra is the
atlas
22
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Which of the following is NOT a cartilaginous joint?
Between each tooth and its socket
23
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When you rest your hands on your hips, your hands are on the
iliac crests
24
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Typically, joints that are structurally cartilaginous are functionally
diarthroses
25
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The ______ extends the forearm.
triceps brachii
26
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By providing a squeezing force, the _______ is helpful in keeping a rider on a horse.
adductor group
27
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Which events occur during a muscle contraction?
The H zone decreases in size.
28
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The sartorius is the longest muscle in the body; it attaches to the
ilium and tibia
29
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Striations are caused by a series of overlapping
myofilaments
30
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Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscles?
Move food through the GI tract
31
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Which of the following is an origin for the internal oblique muscle?
Iliac crest
32
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The H zone is within the _____ and contains ______.
A band; thick filaments only
33
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Glycation of proteins in muscle tissue enhances their ability to contract.
False
34
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Cellular respiration requires oxygen and glucose; in addition to producing energy, it produces water and
carbon dioxide
35
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Which type(s) of muscle tissue is/are found in the walls of hollow internal organs?
Smooth
36
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What occurs immediately before an electrical signal travels along the sarcolemma?
Acetylcholine binds to its receptors.
37
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When muscles contract, they shorten. Therefore, the movement that muscles can make is to pull the insertion toward the origin.
True 
38
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The phase of a muscle twitch during which the muscle fiber fires an action potential is the
latent phase
39
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The __________ flexes the forearm.
biceps brachii
40
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The _______ aid in inspiration during respiration.
diaphragm and external intercostals
41
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Cardiac muscle fibers need outside nervous stimulation in order to contract.
False 
42
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Fasciotomy is a procedure done to prevent severe swelling from damaging a muscle and its blood supply. It is a treatment for
compartment syndrome
43
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Which muscle's name comes entirely from its attachments?
Sternocleidomastoid
44
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Which muscle is called the "trumpeter's muscle" and aids in chewing and sucking?
Buccinator
45
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A _____ is caused by stretching or tearing of a muscle.
strain
46
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Summation is increased force output by a muscle when
receiving many stimuli in rapid succession
47
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The major protein found in thin filaments is ______; the main protein found in thick filaments is _______.
actin; myosin
48
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What is the correct order of events in the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction? \n 1. Myosin head binds to actin \n 2. Calcium ions bind to troponin \n 3. Myosin cross-bridges bend, pulling actin toward center of sarcomere \n 4. ATP is split into ADP and P \n 5. Tropomyosin moves to expose active sites of actin \n 6. Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions \n 7. ADP and P released from myosin
\
6,2,5,4,1,7,3
49
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The gluteus maximus muscle is named for
its size and location
50
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Which type(s) of muscle tissue has/have intercalated disks?
Cardiac
51
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The end of a muscle that is attached to the bone that it moves is called the
insertion
52
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One motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates is called a
motor unit
53
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A low level of muscle contraction that maintains posture is called muscle
tone
54
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Which of the following is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris?
Biceps femoris
55
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A genetic disease of progressive muscle weakening and degeneration due to the lack of a functioning protein is
muscular dystrophy
56
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Biceps brachii and brachialis are antagonists to each other.
False 
57
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The contractile cells within muscle tissue are referred to as
striations
58
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Which describes the all-or-none law as it relates to muscle function?
All fibers in a motor unit contract or none of them do
59
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What term describes the attachment of a muscle to a bone that remains stationary during that muscle's movement?
Origin
60
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The biceps femoris is named for
its number of origins and location
61
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The ______ is used in forming a kiss.
orbicularis oris
62
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What ion is necessary for cross-bridging?
Calcium
63
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A sarcomere is
the distance between Z lines
64
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What is ATP used for in the process of muscle contraction?
All apply
65
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Sudden, painful involuntary contractions of either smooth or skeletal muscle are called
spasms
66
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Rigor mortis occurs because
there is no ATP to relax the muscles
67
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This disease is characterized by the death of motor neurons but does not affect intellect or sensation.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
68
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The __________ raises your eyebrow.
frontalis
69
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The muscle that helps you to sit "cross-legged" is the
sartorius
70
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A motor unit contains
one motor neuron and multiple muscle fibers
71
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Botulism toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine from the motor neuron. What effect does this have on muscle contraction?
Muscle contractions are weakened or absent
72
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What is the role of myoglobin in muscle contraction?
Oxygen carrier in muscle
73
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Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the hamstring group?
Rectus femoris
74
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The biceps brachii and triceps brachii in the upper arm
are antagonistic
75
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The flexor carpi muscles will flex the
wrist and hand
76
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Which of the following surrounds a muscle fiber?
Endomysium
77
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The _______ is used to smile.
zygomaticus
78
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A single muscle contraction lasting a fraction of a second is a
muscle twitch
79
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Fast-twitch fibers are also known as
IIb fibers
80
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This muscle allows you to stand on your tiptoes.
Gastrocnemius
81
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Which of the following structures are NOT involved with swallowing?
The masseter muscle
82
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The _______ will adduct the scapulae and help extend the neck.
trapezius
83
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Myofibrils are bundles of
myofilaments
84
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What process provides most of a muscle's ATP?
Cellular respiration
85
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Which of the following surrounds a skeletal muscle?
Epimysium
86
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Which is the fastest way to supply energy to muscle fibers?
Creatine phosphate breakdown
87
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The greater the intensity of stimulation a muscle receives, the more motor units are activated. This is called
recruitment
88
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Which muscle is used as you blow out a candle?
Internal intercostals
89
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Three discrete types of muscle fibers are identified on the basis of their fuel supply, oxygen supply, and tension. Which of the following athletic endeavors best represents the use of slow-twitch fibers?
Mountain climbing
90
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The muscle that does most of the work for a particular movement is called the
prime mover
91
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The first word in its name indicates that the latissimus dorsi muscle is a _______ muscle.
wide
92
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A chronic condition of achy pain, tenderness, and stiff muscles is called
fibromyalgia
93
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Which type of muscle fibers would be utilized for short periods of moderate activity such as jogging?
Intermediate-twitch fibers
94
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A molecule of _______ has two heads and resembles a pair of golf clubs twisted around each other.
myosin
95
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When muscles are not used, they shrink or
atrophy
96
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One difference between cardiac and skeletal muscle contractions is that in cardiac muscle
some of the calcium used for contraction comes from outside the cell
97
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The ____________ is used to flex the neck and turn the head laterally.
sternocleidomastoid
98
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Regular exercise raises levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) in the blood.
True 
99
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The _________ will evert the foot.
fibularis muscles
100
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The __________ flexes your knee.
hamstring group