Anatomy Exam 2

The phalanges are the bones of the

The phalanges are the bones of the

fingers and toes

Which bone has no articulation with any other bone?

Hyoid

Crescent-shaped pads of cartilage within synovial joints are called

menisci

Which tarsal bone articulates with the tibia and fibula for ankle movement?

Talus

Which of the following is NOT a paranasal sinus?

Mastoidal

Which suture is between the parietal and temporal bones?

Squamosal suture

The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the

acromion process

The sella turcica is a feature of the

sphenoid bone

Ribs 8 through 12 are called

false ribs

After birth, bones growth in length at the

epiphyseal plates

Which of the following bones forms the back and base of the cranium?

Occipital

What are the small passageways in compact bone that connect lacunae?

Canaliculi

Which of the following is an example of a long bone?

Femur

Another term for "hunchback" is

kyphosis

Red marrow

produces blood cells

Which forearm bone is on the lateral (thumb) side?

Radius

The temporal process is a part of the ______ bone.

zygomatic

The ______ of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity.

head

What are the structures that are air-filled spaces of the skull bones?

Paranasal sinuses

How many pairs of ribs are found in humans?

12

The first cervical vertebra is the

atlas

Which of the following is NOT a cartilaginous joint?

Between each tooth and its socket

When you rest your hands on your hips, your hands are on the

iliac crests

Typically, joints that are structurally cartilaginous are functionally

diarthroses

The ______ extends the forearm.

triceps brachii

By providing a squeezing force, the _______ is helpful in keeping a rider on a horse.

adductor group

Which events occur during a muscle contraction?

The H zone decreases in size.

The sartorius is the longest muscle in the body; it attaches to the

ilium and tibia

Striations are caused by a series of overlapping

myofilaments

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscles?

Move food through the GI tract

Which of the following is an origin for the internal oblique muscle?

Iliac crest

The H zone is within the _____ and contains ______.

A band; thick filaments only

Glycation of proteins in muscle tissue enhances their ability to contract.

False

Cellular respiration requires oxygen and glucose; in addition to producing energy, it produces water and

carbon dioxide

Which type(s) of muscle tissue is/are found in the walls of hollow internal organs?

Smooth

What occurs immediately before an electrical signal travels along the sarcolemma?

Acetylcholine binds to its receptors.

When muscles contract, they shorten. Therefore, the movement that muscles can make is to pull the insertion toward the origin.

True

The phase of a muscle twitch during which the muscle fiber fires an action potential is the

latent phase

The __________ flexes the forearm.

biceps brachii

The _______ aid in inspiration during respiration.

diaphragm and external intercostals

Cardiac muscle fibers need outside nervous stimulation in order to contract.

False

Fasciotomy is a procedure done to prevent severe swelling from damaging a muscle and its blood supply. It is a treatment for

compartment syndrome

Which muscle's name comes entirely from its attachments?

Sternocleidomastoid

Which muscle is called the "trumpeter's muscle" and aids in chewing and sucking?

Buccinator

A _____ is caused by stretching or tearing of a muscle.

strain

Summation is increased force output by a muscle when

receiving many stimuli in rapid succession

The major protein found in thin filaments is ______; the main protein found in thick filaments is _______.

actin; myosin

What is the correct order of events in the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction? \n 1. Myosin head binds to actin \n 2. Calcium ions bind to troponin \n 3. Myosin cross-bridges bend, pulling actin toward center of sarcomere \n 4. ATP is split into ADP and P \n 5. Tropomyosin moves to expose active sites of actin \n 6. Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions \n 7. ADP and P released from myosin

6,2,5,4,1,7,3

The gluteus maximus muscle is named for

its size and location

Which type(s) of muscle tissue has/have intercalated disks?

Cardiac

The end of a muscle that is attached to the bone that it moves is called the

insertion

One motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates is called a

motor unit

A low level of muscle contraction that maintains posture is called muscle

tone

Which of the following is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris?

Biceps femoris

A genetic disease of progressive muscle weakening and degeneration due to the lack of a functioning protein is

muscular dystrophy

Biceps brachii and brachialis are antagonists to each other.

False

The contractile cells within muscle tissue are referred to as

striations

Which describes the all-or-none law as it relates to muscle function?

All fibers in a motor unit contract or none of them do

What term describes the attachment of a muscle to a bone that remains stationary during that muscle's movement?

Origin

The biceps femoris is named for

its number of origins and location

The ______ is used in forming a kiss.

orbicularis oris

What ion is necessary for cross-bridging?

Calcium

A sarcomere is

the distance between Z lines

What is ATP used for in the process of muscle contraction?

All apply

Sudden, painful involuntary contractions of either smooth or skeletal muscle are called

spasms

Rigor mortis occurs because

there is no ATP to relax the muscles

This disease is characterized by the death of motor neurons but does not affect intellect or sensation.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The __________ raises your eyebrow.

frontalis

The muscle that helps you to sit "cross-legged" is the

sartorius

A motor unit contains

one motor neuron and multiple muscle fibers

Botulism toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine from the motor neuron. What effect does this have on muscle contraction?

Muscle contractions are weakened or absent

What is the role of myoglobin in muscle contraction?

Oxygen carrier in muscle

Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the hamstring group?

Rectus femoris

The biceps brachii and triceps brachii in the upper arm

are antagonistic

The flexor carpi muscles will flex the

wrist and hand

Which of the following surrounds a muscle fiber?

Endomysium

The _______ is used to smile.

zygomaticus

A single muscle contraction lasting a fraction of a second is a

muscle twitch

Fast-twitch fibers are also known as

IIb fibers

This muscle allows you to stand on your tiptoes.

Gastrocnemius

Which of the following structures are NOT involved with swallowing?

The masseter muscle

The _______ will adduct the scapulae and help extend the neck.

trapezius

Myofibrils are bundles of

myofilaments

What process provides most of a muscle's ATP?

Cellular respiration

Which of the following surrounds a skeletal muscle?

Epimysium

Which is the fastest way to supply energy to muscle fibers?

Creatine phosphate breakdown

The greater the intensity of stimulation a muscle receives, the more motor units are activated. This is called

recruitment

Which muscle is used as you blow out a candle?

Internal intercostals

Three discrete types of muscle fibers are identified on the basis of their fuel supply, oxygen supply, and tension. Which of the following athletic endeavors best represents the use of slow-twitch fibers?

Mountain climbing

The muscle that does most of the work for a particular movement is called the

prime mover

The first word in its name indicates that the latissimus dorsi muscle is a _______ muscle.

wide

A chronic condition of achy pain, tenderness, and stiff muscles is called

fibromyalgia

Which type of muscle fibers would be utilized for short periods of moderate activity such as jogging?

Intermediate-twitch fibers

A molecule of _______ has two heads and resembles a pair of golf clubs twisted around each other.

myosin

When muscles are not used, they shrink or

atrophy

One difference between cardiac and skeletal muscle contractions is that in cardiac muscle

some of the calcium used for contraction comes from outside the cell

The ____________ is used to flex the neck and turn the head laterally.

sternocleidomastoid

Regular exercise raises levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) in the blood.

True

The _________ will evert the foot.

fibularis muscles

The __________ flexes your knee.

hamstring group