Untitled Flashcards Set

Chemistry

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Mass

A measurement that reflects the amount of matter.

Weight

A measure of mass and the force of gravity on an object.

Scientific Method

A systematic approach to research involving observation, hypothesis, experimentation, data analysis, and conclusion.

Law

A relationship in nature supported by many experiments, with no exceptions found.

Theory

An explanation supported by many experiments.

Quantitative data

Data that is observed through numerical observations.

Qualitative data

Data that is observed through descriptions, such as color or shape.

Independent variable

A variable that can be changed in an experiment.

Dependent variable

An outcome variable that results from changes to the independent variable.

Control

The standard for comparison in an experiment.

Pure Research

Research conducted to gain knowledge for its own sake.

Applied Research

Research undertaken to solve a specific problem.

Chance Discoveries

Unexpected results that lead to new knowledge.

Density

Mass per unit volume of a substance.

Accuracy

How close a measured value is to an accepted value.

Precision

How close a series of measurements are to one another.

Significant Figures

Numbers in calculations that are meaningful in terms of accuracy.

Physical Properties

Characteristics observed without changing the substance's composition.

Chemical Properties

The ability of a substance to combine with or change into other substances.

Intensive Properties

Properties that do not depend on the amount of substance present.

Extensive Properties

Properties that depend on the amount of substance present.

Physical Change

A change that alters a substance without changing its composition.

Chemical Changes

Changes that produce one or more new substances.

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.

Compound

A substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded.

Element

A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances.

Mixture

A combination of two or more pure substances where each retains its properties.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture with a uniform composition throughout.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture with distinct and easily identifiable components.

Orbital

Regions of space where electrons are likely to be found.

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell that are involved in chemical bonding.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation.