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Chemistry
The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Mass
A measurement that reflects the amount of matter.
Weight
A measure of mass and the force of gravity on an object.
Scientific Method
A systematic approach to research involving observation, hypothesis, experimentation, data analysis, and conclusion.
Law
A relationship in nature supported by many experiments, with no exceptions found.
Theory
An explanation supported by many experiments.
Quantitative data
Data that is observed through numerical observations.
Qualitative data
Data that is observed through descriptions, such as color or shape.
Independent variable
A variable that can be changed in an experiment.
Dependent variable
An outcome variable that results from changes to the independent variable.
Control
The standard for comparison in an experiment.
Pure Research
Research conducted to gain knowledge for its own sake.
Applied Research
Research undertaken to solve a specific problem.
Chance Discoveries
Unexpected results that lead to new knowledge.
Density
Mass per unit volume of a substance.
Accuracy
How close a measured value is to an accepted value.
Precision
How close a series of measurements are to one another.
Significant Figures
Numbers in calculations that are meaningful in terms of accuracy.
Physical Properties
Characteristics observed without changing the substance's composition.
Chemical Properties
The ability of a substance to combine with or change into other substances.
Intensive Properties
Properties that do not depend on the amount of substance present.
Extensive Properties
Properties that depend on the amount of substance present.
Physical Change
A change that alters a substance without changing its composition.
Chemical Changes
Changes that produce one or more new substances.
Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.
Compound
A substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded.
Element
A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances.
Mixture
A combination of two or more pure substances where each retains its properties.
Homogeneous Mixture
A mixture with a uniform composition throughout.
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture with distinct and easily identifiable components.
Orbital
Regions of space where electrons are likely to be found.
Valence Electrons
Electrons in the outermost shell that are involved in chemical bonding.
Isotope
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation.
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