Chapter 11

Braxton Hicks contractions

intermittent painless uterine contractions that occur with increasing frequency as the pregnancy progresses

andr/o

male

balan/o

glans penis

crypt/o

hidden

epididym/o

epididymis

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, testicul/o

testis

phall/i

penis

prostat/o

prostate

semin/o, sperm/o, spermat/o

sperm

vas/o

vessel

amni/o

amnion

cervic/o

cervix

colp/o, vagin/o

vagina

embry/o

embryo

episi/o, vulv/o

vulva

fet/o

fetus

galact/o, lact/o

milk

gonad/o

gonads

gynec/o

woman, female

hyster/o, uter/o

uterus

lapar/o

abdomen

mamm/o, mast/o

breast

men/o,

menses

nat/o

birth

oophor/o, ovari/o

ovary

ov/o

ovum

perine/o

perineum

placent/o

placenta

salping/o

fallopian tube

son/o

sound

vagin/a

vagina

female

♀

abortion

AB

breast self-examination

BSE

cesarean section

C-section

dilation and curettage

D&C

estimated date of confinement

EDC

estrogen replacement therapy

ERT

fetal heart rate

FHR

gynecology

GYN

intrauterine device

IUD

in vitro fertilization

IVF

labor and delivery

L&D

last menstrual period

LMP

obstetrics and gynecology

OB-GYN

oral contraceptive

OC

papanicolaou smear

Pap

pelvic inflammatory disease

PID

premenstrual syndrome

PMS

total abdominal hysterectomy

TAH

total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

TAH-BSO

toxic shock syndrome

TSS

male

♂

benign prostatic hypertrophy

BPH

circumcision

CIRC, circum

digital rectal examination

DRE

erectile dysfunction

ED

prostate-specific antigen

PSA

testicular self-examination

TSE

transurethral resection of the prostate

TURP

gonorrhea

GC

genitourinary

GU

human papilloma virus

HPV

sexually transmitted disease

STD

Trichomoniasis

Trich

venereal disease

VD

amenorrhea

absence of menstruation

Bartholin's gland cyst

blockage of one or both of the Bartholin's glands, causing inflammation and tenderness

candidiasis

vaginal fungal infection caused by Candida albicans, with key symptoms including itching, burning, and a thick, curdy discharge; also known as a vaginal yeast infection

dysmenorrhea

pain in the lower abdominopelvic area and other discomfort associated with menses

ectopic pregnancy

implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterus

endometriosis

growth of endometrial tissue in abnormal sites in the lower abdominopelvic area

fibrocystic breast disease

presence of multiple lumps in the breast, consisting of fibrous tumors or fluid-filled cysts

Infertility

the inability to conceive a child

ovarian cyst

a fluid filled sac in an ovary

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

any acute or chronic infection of the female reproductive system, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

a group of symptoms experienced by some women within the 2-week period before menstruation

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

rare disorder caused by bacterial exotoxins; most commonly occurs in young women who use tampons

uterine fibroids

benign, smooth tumors made of muscle and fat; also called leiomyomas

uterine prolapse

downward protrusion of the uterus into the vaginal opening

abortion (AB)

spontaneous or therapeutic loss of a pregnancy at less than 20 weeks; also called miscarriage

abruptio placentae

premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

eclampsia

complication of pregnancy characterized by severe hypertension, seizures, and possible coma

gestational diabetes

development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a pregnant woman who did not have diabetes before becoming pregnant

placenta previa

implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus

balanoposthitis

inflammation of the glans penis and foreskin covering the glans penis; also called balanitis

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland

cryptorchidism

undescended testes

epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis

erectile dysfunction (ED)

repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse

impotence

inability to achieve an erection

orchitis

inflammation of one or both testicles

prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate gland

testicular torsion

condition in which the testicles become twisted and the spermatic cord, blood vessels, nerves, and vas deferens become strangled

varicocele

enlarged veins of the spermatic cord

Chlamydia

most common STD

gonorrhea (GC)

STI caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae that results in inflammation of mucous membranes

herpes genitalis

STI caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 that results in painful vesicles; commonly called genital herpes

human papillomavirus

STI caused by human papillomavirus that results in painless, cauliflower-like warts; a cause of cervical cancer in women

sterility

the inability to reproduce