Ch. 10 Respiratory System

main purpose of respiratory system

gas exchange

bronchioles

bronchus

diaphragm

glottis

larynx

lung

nasal cavities

pharynx

trachea

another word of inhalation

inspiration

another word for exhalation

expiration

inspiration + expiration

ventilation

oxygen transported throughout the body by ___ system

cardiovascular

why is oxygen needed in cells

cellular respiration

exchange of gases between air and blood

external respiration

exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid

internal respiration

transport gases to and from lungs and ___

tissues

* nasal cavities
* pharynx
* larynx

upper respiratory tract

another word for nostrils

nares

nares lead into

nasal cavities

nasal cavities separated by ___ of bone and cartilage

septum

large ___ in nasal cavities filter air

hairs

membrane in the nasal cavities also moves stuff to the ___

pharynx

stuff under the mucous that can cause nosebleeds and warms and moistens air

submucosa

upper recesses of nasal cavities

odor receptors

(tear ducts) drain into nasal cavities

lacrimal glands

nasal cavities connect with ___

sinuses

upper portion of pharynx = ___

nasopharynx

part of pharynx: nasal cavities open above soft palate

nasopharynx

part of pharynx: oral cavity opens

oropharynx

part of pharynx: opens into larynx

laryngopharynx

oral cavity and pharynx: protective ring; part of immune system

tonsils

___ is normally open in the pharynx

larynx

usually closed (opens upon swallowing)

esophagus

made of cartilage; between pharynx and trachea

larynx

mucosal folds supported by elastic ligaments

vocal cords

slit between vocal cords

glottis

apex of larynx: Adam’s apple

laryngeal prominence

epiglottis

glottis

tongue

vocal cords

pitch regulated by ___ on these cords

tension

more tension on vocal cords = narrower glottis = ___ pitch

higher

less tension on vocal cords = thicker glottis = ___ pitch

lower

volume dependent on how much cords ___

vibrate

flap of tissue that prevents food from passing into the larynx

epiglottis

larynx moves upward against epiglottis for ___

swallowing

fancy term for throat

pharynx

fancy term for windpipe; connects larynx and bronchi

trachea

muscular ___ separates this from esophagus

wall

trachea has connective tissue, smooth muscle, and C-shaped cartilage ___

rings

prevent trachea from collapsing; allows esophagus to expand

C-shaped cartilage rings

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium; goblet cells on outer layer

mucous membrane

in mucous membrane; produces mucus; traps debris

goblet cells

mucus swept towards pharynx → away from lungs by ___

cilia

air

cilia

epithelial cell

goblet cell

mucus

particle

tracheal lumen

___ → tracheal wall contracts

cough

___ destroys cilia

smoking

inserting a tube because the trachea is blocked

tracheostomy

trachea divides into right and left ___ bronchi → right and left lungs

primary

primary bronchi branch into ___ bronchi → branch into bronchioles

secondary

primary bronchi branch into secondary bronchi → branch into ___

bronchioles

asthma attack → smooth muscle of ___ contract

bronchioles

bronchioles lead to “elongated space enclosed by a multitude of air pockets, or sacs, called ___”

alveoli

system of bronchi and bronchioles

bronchial tree

center: trachea, heart, thymus, esophagus

thoracic cavity

___ are on either side of the trachea

lungs

right lung has ___ lobes, left has two (room for heart)

three

right lung has three lobes, left has ___ (room for heart)

two

lungs enclosed by ___ (layers of serous membrane → produce serous fluid)

pleurae

lungs enclosed by pleurae (layers of ___ membrane → produce fluid)

serous

inflamed pleurae

pleurisy

___ sacs have capillaries

alveolar

alveoli lined with ___

surfactant

film of lipoprotein; lowers surface tension of water, prevents closing of alveoli

surfactant

lungs collapse because infants lack this film

infant respiratory distress syndrome

continuous ___ from pharynx to alveoli

column of air

___ muscles lie between these ribs

intercostal

diaphragm and connective tissue make up the floor of this

thoracic cavity

lungs adhere to ___ by the pleura (space between pleurae: small, full of fluid)

thoracic wall

constant temperature, pressure of gas is inversely proportional to volume

Boyle’s Law

constant temperature, pressure of gas is ___ proportional to volume

inversely

contracts

decreases

lungs

outward

trachea

up and out

down and in

increases

inward

relaxes