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Ch. 10 Respiratory System
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202 Terms
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1
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main purpose of respiratory system
gas exchange
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bronchioles
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bronchus
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diaphragm
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glottis
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larynx
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lung
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nasal cavities
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pharynx
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trachea
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another word of inhalation
inspiration
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another word for exhalation
expiration
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inspiration + expiration
ventilation
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oxygen transported throughout the body by ___ system
cardiovascular
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why is oxygen needed in cells
cellular respiration
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exchange of gases between air and blood
external respiration
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exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid
internal respiration
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transport gases to and from lungs and ___
tissues
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* nasal cavities
* pharynx
* larynx
upper respiratory tract
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another word for nostrils
nares
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nares lead into
nasal cavities
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nasal cavities separated by ___ of bone and cartilage
septum
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large ___ in nasal cavities filter air
hairs
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membrane in the nasal cavities also moves stuff to the ___
pharynx
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stuff under the mucous that can cause nosebleeds and warms and moistens air
submucosa
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upper recesses of nasal cavities
odor receptors
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(tear ducts) drain into nasal cavities
lacrimal glands
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nasal cavities connect with ___
sinuses
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upper portion of pharynx = ___
nasopharynx
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part of pharynx: nasal cavities open above soft palate
nasopharynx
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part of pharynx: oral cavity opens
oropharynx
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part of pharynx: opens into larynx
laryngopharynx
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oral cavity and pharynx: protective ring; part of immune system
tonsils
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___ is normally open in the pharynx
larynx
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usually closed (opens upon swallowing)
esophagus
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made of cartilage; between pharynx and trachea
larynx
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mucosal folds supported by elastic ligaments
vocal cords
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slit between vocal cords
glottis
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apex of larynx: Adam’s apple
laryngeal prominence
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epiglottis
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glottis
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tongue
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vocal cords
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pitch regulated by ___ on these cords
tension
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more tension on vocal cords = narrower glottis = ___ pitch
higher
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less tension on vocal cords = thicker glottis = ___ pitch
lower
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volume dependent on how much cords ___
vibrate
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flap of tissue that prevents food from passing into the larynx
epiglottis
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larynx moves upward against epiglottis for ___
swallowing
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fancy term for throat
pharynx
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fancy term for windpipe; connects larynx and bronchi
trachea
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muscular ___ separates this from esophagus
wall
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trachea has connective tissue, smooth muscle, and C-shaped cartilage ___
rings
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prevent trachea from collapsing; allows esophagus to expand
C-shaped cartilage rings
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pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium; goblet cells on outer layer
mucous membrane
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in mucous membrane; produces mucus; traps debris
goblet cells
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mucus swept towards pharynx → away from lungs by ___
cilia
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air
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cilia
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epithelial cell
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goblet cell
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mucus
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particle
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tracheal lumen
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___ → tracheal wall contracts
cough
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___ destroys cilia
smoking
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inserting a tube because the trachea is blocked
tracheostomy
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trachea divides into right and left ___ bronchi → right and left lungs
primary
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primary bronchi branch into ___ bronchi → branch into bronchioles
secondary
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primary bronchi branch into secondary bronchi → branch into ___
bronchioles
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asthma attack → smooth muscle of ___ contract
bronchioles
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bronchioles lead to “elongated space enclosed by a multitude of air pockets, or sacs, called ___”
alveoli
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system of bronchi and bronchioles
bronchial tree
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center: trachea, heart, thymus, esophagus
thoracic cavity
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___ are on either side of the trachea
lungs
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right lung has ___ lobes, left has two (room for heart)
three
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right lung has three lobes, left has ___ (room for heart)
two
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lungs enclosed by ___ (layers of serous membrane → produce serous fluid)
pleurae
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lungs enclosed by pleurae (layers of ___ membrane → produce fluid)
serous
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inflamed pleurae
pleurisy
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___ sacs have capillaries
alveolar
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alveoli lined with ___
surfactant
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film of lipoprotein; lowers surface tension of water, prevents closing of alveoli
surfactant
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lungs collapse because infants lack this film
infant respiratory distress syndrome
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continuous ___ from pharynx to alveoli
column of air
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___ muscles lie between these ribs
intercostal
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diaphragm and connective tissue make up the floor of this
thoracic cavity
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lungs adhere to ___ by the pleura (space between pleurae: small, full of fluid)
thoracic wall
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constant temperature, pressure of gas is inversely proportional to volume
Boyle’s Law
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constant temperature, pressure of gas is ___ proportional to volume
inversely
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contracts
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decreases
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lungs
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outward
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trachea
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up and out
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down and in
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increases
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inward
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relaxes
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