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Asexual
one parent, identical to original cell
Sexual
two parents
Chromosome
DNA
chromatin
condensed version of chromosome
Cell cycle
cycle for cells to grow & develop
Interphase
90% of the cells life
Mitosis
division of nucleus (2n-2n)
Cytokinesis
division of cytoplasm
Prophase
Duplicated dna condensed into chromosomes, centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell & organize spindle, nucleolus disappears, nuclear envelope breaks down
Sister chromatid
half of a chromosome w/ one centromere
Centromere
connects sister chromatids
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell (metaphase plate)
Centriole
helps cells divide, connects to spindle
Anaphase
Chromosomes move toward opposite sides of the cell, cell elongates
Telophase
Chromosomes spread out into chromatin, nuclear envelope reforms, spindle breaks apart, 2 daughter cells w/ diploid (2n) set of chromosomes are made
Growth factor
group of proteins that stimulate growth of specific tissues
External regulator
responds to events outside the cell (wound healing, slow down/stop cell cycle, speed up cell cycle during growth/repair)
Internal regulator
responds to events inside of the cell (checkpoints to check if the cell qualifies for next stage of cell cycle, ex. Cyclins- regulatory proteins)
Apoptosis
when a cell is unable to move to next stage by checkpoints, it self destructs
Cancer
uncontrolled mitosis/cell division
Tumor
cluster of cancerous/uncontrolled cells
Metastasis
spread of cancerous cells
Embryo
ball of cells after mitosis of sperm fertilized egg
Diploid
full set of 2 complete chromosomes
Cell plate
forms during telophase between two daughter cells