Cell cycle

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25 Terms

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Asexual

one parent, identical to original cell

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Sexual

two parents

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Chromosome

DNA

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chromatin

condensed version of chromosome

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Cell cycle

cycle for cells to grow & develop

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Interphase

90% of the cells life

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Mitosis

division of nucleus (2n-2n)

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Cytokinesis

division of cytoplasm

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Prophase

Duplicated dna condensed into chromosomes, centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell & organize spindle, nucleolus disappears, nuclear envelope breaks down

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Sister chromatid

half of a chromosome w/ one centromere

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Centromere

connects sister chromatids

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Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell (metaphase plate)

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Centriole

helps cells divide, connects to spindle

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Anaphase

Chromosomes move toward opposite sides of the cell, cell elongates

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Telophase

Chromosomes spread out into chromatin, nuclear envelope reforms, spindle breaks apart, 2 daughter cells w/ diploid (2n) set of chromosomes are made

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Growth factor

group of proteins that stimulate growth of specific tissues

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External regulator

responds to events outside the cell (wound healing, slow   down/stop cell cycle, speed up cell cycle during growth/repair)

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Internal regulator

responds to events inside of the cell (checkpoints to check if the cell qualifies for next stage of cell cycle, ex. Cyclins- regulatory proteins)

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Apoptosis

when a cell is unable to move to next stage by checkpoints, it self destructs

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Cancer

uncontrolled mitosis/cell division

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Tumor

cluster of cancerous/uncontrolled cells

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Metastasis

spread of cancerous cells

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Embryo

ball of cells after mitosis of sperm fertilized egg

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Diploid

full set of 2 complete chromosomes

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Cell plate

forms during telophase between two daughter cells