NBCD - Nutrient-Drug Interaction (copy)

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79 Terms

1

Drug

Substance, other than food, used in diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, and prevention of a disease

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2

Drug-nutrient interaction

The result of the action between a drug ans a nutrient that would not occur with the nutrient or drug alone

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3

Food-drug interaction

A broad term thay includes nutrient-drug interacrions and the effect of a medication on nutritional status

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4

Pharmacodynamics

The study of interactions between drug and receptors and the series of events that result in a pharmacologic response

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5

Pharmacokinetics

The study of the mathematical relationship among absoprtion, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of individual medicines over time

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6

Iatrogenic malnutrition

"Physician-induced" malnutrition

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7

Probiotics

A functional food containing live microorganisms prescribed to patients taking anti-infective drugs

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8

Clostridium difficile

A bacteria which causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea

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9

Sulfamethoxazole/tripmoptherin

Antibacterial (sulfonamide) drug which interferese with folate metabolism

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10

Sodium, Potassium

Minerals which may be found high in amoxicillin.

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11

Macrolides (-mycins)

Antibacterial drugs which increase the sedative effect of alcohol

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12

Fluoroquinolones (-floxacins)

Antibacterial drug which binds to Mg, Ca, Zn, and Fe to form insoluble, unabsorbable complex

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13

Linezolid

Antimicrobial drug (Oxazolidinone) which exhibits mild monoamine oxidase inhibition, thus tyramine-containing foods are avoided.

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14

Tetracycline (-cycline)

A class of antimicrobials used in treating lyme disease which binds to minerals, lower gut vitamin K production, B vitamin deficiencies in long term usage, and, in combination with vitamin A, could result to increased intracranial hypertension

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15

Metronidazole

An antiprotozoal drug which, when ingested with alcohol, may cause disulfiram-like reaction. Thus alcohol should be avoided during and 3 days after use.

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16

Estrogen

Oral contraceptive which decreases Vit C and increases vitamin A, respectively. It also affects folate metabolism and lower serum B12, riboflavin, Mg and Zn

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17

Levothyroxine

Thyroid hormone drug which is affected (lowered) by Fe, Ca, Mg, and high fiber foods.

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18

Digoxin

A cardiovascular drug which increases urinary loss of Mg and lower serum K

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19

Metaprolol, atenolol

Cardiovascular drugs (beta blocker) which mask signs of or prolong hyperglycemia.

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20

Carvedilol

A cardiovascular drug (beta blocker) which may mask diabetic hyperglycemia and cause weight gain. Natural licorice and high sodium is to be avoided.

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21

ACE inhibitors ("prils")

A class of cardiovascular drugs which may increase serum potassium and cause GI distress. Salt substitutes, licorice, and high K are avoided.

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22

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (-artans)

A class of cardiovascular drugs which may increase serum potassium. Salt substitutes, licorice, and high K are avoided.

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23

Amlodipine

A calcium channel blocker which may cause nausea, cramps, dysphagia, and edema.

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24

Diltiazem

A calcium channel blocker which causes anorexia, dry mouth, dyspepsia, nausea, vomitting, and GI distress

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25

Hydralazine

A cardiovascular peripheral vasodilator drug which interfere with pyridoxine metabolism

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26

HMG Coa-reductase inhibitors/Statins

Class of antihyperlipidemic drugs which significantyl decrease Co Q10. It lowers LDL while raising HDL.

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27

Fibrates

Class of antihyperlipidemic drugs which decreases serum tryglycerides

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28

Cholestyramine

Antihyperlipidemic drug (bile acid sequestrant) which binds fat soluble vitamins, carotene, minerals, and folate.

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29

Niacin

Antihyperlipidemic drug which may elevate blood glucose and uric acid at high doses

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30

Nitrofurantoin

An antibacterial drug (Nitrofuran) which can lead to wasting with pre-existing anemia, vitamin B deficiency, or electrolye abrnomalities. Avoided by G6PD patients

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31

Izoniazid

An antitubercular which may cause pyridoxine and niacin deficiency. It also affects vitamin D metabolism, lowers Ca and P absorption, and possess MAO inhibitor-like activity.

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32

Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide

Antituberculars which lowers the excretion of uric acid, potentially resulting to hyperuricemia and gout.

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33

Amphotericin B

Antifungal drug which induces anorexia, weight loss, and Mg, K, and Ca loss

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34

Ketoconazole

A drug which should be taken with acidic drinks because it does not dissolve in pH >5

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35

Warfarin

An anticoagulant prevents the conversion of vitamin K to its active form, causing anticoagluation

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36

Dabigatram

A anticoagulant (direct thrombin inhibitor) which when taken with alcohol may cause bleeding. Alcohol, SJW, and supplements are thus avoided.

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37

Rivaroxaban, apixavan

Vitamin E, SJW, Grapefruit should be avoided with intake of this anticoagulant drug (Factor Xa Inhibitor)

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38

Aspirin/Salicylate

An antiplatelet drug which displaces folate, iron, sodium, potassium, and vitamin C, especially with long term use.

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39

Clopidogrel

An antiplatelet drug which should not be taken with grapefruit/related citrus

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40

Metformin

An insulin sensitizing agent which may impair B12 and folate absorption. Alcohol is avoided due to risk of lactic acidosis. It does not cause hypoglycemia

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41

Rosiglitizone

An insulin sensitizing agent (TZD) which may cause weight gain. This specific drug may additionally increase total chol, LDL, TGs, while decreasing HDL

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42

Pioglitizone

An insulin sensitizing agent (TZD) which may cause weight gain. This specific drug may additionally decrease total chol, LDL, TGs, while increasing HDL

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43

Sulfonylureas (gl - ide)

An insulin stimulating drug for DM management which may cause hypoglycmia, weigh gain, GI distress, and altered appetite

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44

Repaglinide

An insulin stimulating drug which leads to weight gain, GI distress with vomitting. May also cause hypoglycemia

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45

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Drugs which delay the absorption of dietary disaccharides and complex carbohydrates. Often, they may cause GI distress

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46

Miglitol

An a-glucosidase inhibitor which impairs iron absorption

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47

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor (Glipitins)

An enzyme inhibitor drug for hyperglycemics which may cause weight gain and GI distress

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48

Gliflozins

A class of glucose reabsorption inhibitor which causes lower reabsorption and hugher urinary loss of glucose. It may lead to weight loss, polydypsia, hypovolemia, and dehydration

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49

Corticosteroids (-predni-)

A steroid drug which induced protein catabolism, causing wasting, bone atrophy. It also promotes urinary loss of minerals, vitamin C, and nitrogen. Furthermore, it causes sodium retention

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50

Bisphosphonates ("dronates")

A steroid drug which lowers serum calcium and may cause zinc deficiency in the long run.

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51

Loop diuretics

Drugs that increase urinacry excretion of Na, K, Mg, and Ca. With long term use it may lead to increased urinary zinc excretion

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52

furosemide, bumetanide

Loop diuretic drugs

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53

Thiazide diuretics hydrochlorothiazide

Drugs that increase urinacry excretion of Na, K, Mg, and increase renal absorption of Ca. With long term use it may lead to increased urinary zinc excretion

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54

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

thiazide diuretic

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55

Potassium sparing diuretics

Drugs that increase renal reabsorption of potassium but can lead to increased urinary zinc excretion in the long run

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56

Triamterene, spironolactone

Potassium sparing diuretics

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57

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Non-narcotic analgesic which with chronic (excessive) alcohol intake may increase the risk for hepatotoxicity

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58

NSAIDs

Analgesic class of drugs which may increase risk of GI bleeding and cardiovascular events. Must be taken with food or milk to prevent toxicity or irritation.

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59

Opioid Analgesics

Highly addictive analgesic drugs which causes slowing down of digestion

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60

Celexocib

An analgesic (cox-2 inhibitor) which when taken with high fat meals becomes more absorbed

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61

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

A type of antidepressant medication which may increase/decrease weight. Tryptophan is avoided to avoid serotonin syndrome

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62

Amytryptyline

An antidepressant which may increase appetite especially for sweets and cause weight gain. High fiber foods reduce its absorption

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63

Phenelzine (MAO inhibitor)

An antidepressant which may increase appetite especially for sweets and cause weight gain. Risk of severe reaction occurs with dietary tyramine

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64

Lithium

An antidepressant/mood stabilizer. it is affected by sodiun intake. May cause dehydration, thirst, and dry mouth.

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65

Carbamazepine

Anticonvulstant which may decrease biotin, folic acid, and vitamin D levels. May cause reduction in bone mineral density with long term use

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66

Phenytoin

Anticonvulstant which may decrease serum folic acid, calcium, vitamin D levels, biotin, and thiamine. Alcohol intake disrupts function while Ca and Mg prevents absorption.

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67

Phenobarbital

Anticonvulstant which induces rapid metabolism of vitamin D while decreasing vitamin K metabolism. It decrease serum folic acid and B12

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68

GABA analogues ("gaba")

An anticonvulstant which is affected by Mg in terms of drug absorption.

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69

Memantine

A anti-dementia drug which is less exreted when urinary pH > 8, thus alkaline foods are avoided.

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70

H2 Receptor Antagonist

GI drugs which interferes with vitamin B12 and iron absorption

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71

Ranitidine, famotidine

H2 receptor antagonist

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72

Proton pump inhibitors ("prazoles")

GI drugs which, in the long run, inhibit iron and B12 absorption. Calcium absorption also affected. Low Mg may also occur. C. difficile may also develop.

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73

Metoclopramide

A GI drug which increases GI emptying and may change insulin requirements in diabetic patients

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74

Methotrexate (folate antagonist)

Antineoplastic drug which decreases level of active folate. Folate supplememnts presrcibed for antirheumatic but not for antineoplastic purposes.

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75

Cyclophosphamide (alkylating agent)

Antineoplastic drug with metabolites which causes bladder irritation, thus high fluid intake is recommended

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76

Carbidopa/levidopa

Anti-parkinson's drug which serves as dopamin precursors. Pyridoxine supplements are regulated to control pyridoxine-enhanced peripheral decarboxylation

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77

Selegiline (MAO-B inhibitor)

Antiparkinson's drug which selectively inhibits MAO-B, thus tyramine containing foods are avoided.

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78

Entacopone

Antiparkinson's drug (COMT inhibitor) which chelates with iron thus, for some, decrease serum zinc and make drug less effective

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79

Dextroamphetamine and amphetamine

CNS stimulants for ADHD treatment which, when with high dose vitamin C and acidifying foods, may be less absorbed and more excreted

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