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This was the type of industrial process pursued by the Russians in the 19th century.
state sponsered
This Tsar freed the serfs in 1891.
Alexander II
Provide two reasons why industrialization in Russia failed.
low money supply, unwilling population
overtaxed
Provide two reasons why industrialization in Japan succeeded.
willing population
moderate money supply
Provide one new region added to the Russian Empire during the Modern Era.
Central or East Asia
What religion were these people predominantly?
Muslim
Provide three European countries the U.S. purchased or divided territory from.
Britain
France
Spain
What was the name of the conflict in which the U.S. acquired the American Southwest?
Mexican-American war
What was the name of the series of conflicts with American Indians in the mid-late 19th century on the frontiers?
Indian Wars
Provide the name of the massacre in which the U.S. Army killed and injured many unarmed natives.
wounded knee
Provide the name of the conflict in which the U.S. was able to acquire many territories from Spain in 1898.
Spanish-American War
This is the 19th-century term used to describe the sensationalization of news in order to sell magazines/papers.
yellow journalism
Provide the name of the alteration added to the Cuban constitution that allowed the U.S. to intervene militaristically to protect its economic interests.
Platt Amendment
This is the term used to describe the US and Europe exploiting other countries by force in the late 19th and early 20th century
imperialism
What were the two economic goals for this new wave of conquest?
low taxes
cheap labor
Provide the three advantages that Western powers had in the 19th and 20th century that allowed them to exploit the formerly-powerful civilizations of Africa and Asia.
more money
more weapons
steam boat
Provide five countries that took part in dividing Africa amongst themselves.
Spain
Portugal
Great Britain
France
Belgium
Germany
Netherlands
Who was the king of Belgium that treated African colonists brutally?
King Leopold
This was the name of the agreement in 1884 to peacefully divide Africa amongst competing Europeans.
berlin conference
What was the name of the conflict in 1894 between Imperial Japan and China?
first sino-japanese war
What were the two areas taken from China by the victorious Japanese?
korea & taiwan
China’s loss demonstrated the failure of China to industrialize on their own. What was the name of their attempt to industrialize?
self strengthening movement
Who advocated the Chinese attempt to industrialize?
prince gong
Who opposed it?
empress cixi
Rather than conquer China and colonize it, the European powers and Japan setup spheres of influence in Qing China. Provide one thing they set up or built in China against the Qing government’s will.
factories or exclusive markets
What type of economy did the Ottoman Empire have in the 19th century?
agricultural based
Which sultan attempted to reform the Ottoman Empire?
selim III
List 3 countries who took land or won independence from the Ottoman Empire in the 19th or 20th century.
france
britain
balkans
greeks
italians
What was the nickname for the shrinking, industrialized Ottoman Empire in the 19th century?
sick man of Europe
What was the name for the philosophy that Europeans were biologically superior to other races of the world?
social darwinism
What was the name of the medicine that allowed Europeans to conquer the interior of Africa?
quinine
This was the invention that allowed Europeans to move upriver into Africa rather than rely on horses that were killed by tropical diseases.
steamboats
Who forced Japan to open trade in 1853 (person)?
commodore perry
What was the name of the new Japanese government / era that took over when the Tokugawa shogunate ended in 1868?
Meiji restoration
What was the name of the mission to the US and Europe in which Japanese officials and scholars attempted to copy the West.
iwakura mission
How did the Japanese copy the West politically?
democracy/constitution
How did the Japanese copy the West industrially?
factories
How did the Japanese copy the West militaristically?
guns/uniforms
Who fought for independence from the Ottoman Empire in Egypt in 1867?
Muhammed ali
How did he industrialize the land taken from Mamluks?
nationalized it
What crop did he focus on producing?
cotton
How did he copy Western governments?
centralized
What two things did he focus on producing in port cities and factories?
navy
weapons
What was the name of the wars fought between the British and Chinese in the mid 19th century?
opium wars
What were the British attempting to sell the Chinese?
opium
Why were the British attempting to sell the Chinese this controversial and illegal good?
the Chinese wanted nothing from the British
What was the British reward for winning the second war?
hong kong
This is the Asante Queen versus British colonialism in the 19th century.
Yaa Asantewaa
This is the caliphate that formed in West Africa during the 19th century and expanded until it’s conquest by the British in 1903.
Sokoto
This was the anti-imperialist rebel in Peru who rebelled against Spain and adopting the name of the last Incan Emperor.
Tupac Amaru II
This was the greatest organized threat faced by the Mughal Empire with the HIndu Kingdoms of West India.
Maratha Empire
A loose union to combat the Muslim Mughal Empire.
Confederac
The Maratha Empire’s main contributions
end of the Muslim Mughal empire in the Indian subcontinent
they resisted British control as the Brtish East India expanded its holding and consolidated its control of India
A religiously inspired rebellion in Southern China.
The Taiping Rebellion
The prophetic leaders attempt to gather support to overthrow various imperial powers in the hope of restarting a holy or perfect society?
Millenarianism
In 1850, this man believed he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ, and led a separatist movement in southern China against the Manchu Qing Dynasty.
Hong Xiuquan
Two reasons why many oppressed Han Chinese and peasants were drawn to the rebellion.
new peaceful and egalitarian (equal) society
How long did the rebellion last?
14 years
10. Effects/impact of the rebellion in Southern China.
absolutely devastated the countryside and crop yields
caused millions of Chinese to flee China
killed more than 30 million Chinese due to conflict, famine, and disease
Who led the Ghost Dance Movement in the central plains of the United States and what did he believe?
Sioux tribesman Wovoka
Native Americans
When and where did the movement take place?
Indian Wars
1872-1890 - Nevada to the great Plains of US
Why did the movement take place? US army killing buffalo -- destroy the food supply of the Native Americans?
US army an Indians battled across the plains
the US army systematically killed off buffalo to destroy their food supply
What happened in Wounded knee?
killing innocent native women+children after accidental rifle discharge
This South African tribe was tired of the Dutch and British colonial administration.
Xhosa
A young visionary who experienced a vision from his ancestors.
Nongqawuse
What was the vision about and what did the tribe have to do to attain their goal?
ancestors informed Nongquawuse that a day of the dead would drive the Europeans from the land and into the sea
in order for this to occur, the Xhosa would have to slaughter their tainted cattle and destroy their crops (along with other demands) for these spirits to fulfill the prophecy
What was the effect of fulfilling the requirements of the prophecy?
no spirits arrived, thousands of the Xhosa people died of starvation and deprivation
In Latin America, the most common form of labor until the mid to late 1800s.
slavery
Four countries which experienced slave rebellions?
Haitian Revolution
Jamaica
United States
Brazil
Venezuela
What two major slave uprisings occurred in the United States?
Stono Slave Rebellion and Turner Rebellion (1739 and 1831 respectively)
Groups of escaped slaves living on the periphery of societies
Maroon societies
This enlightenment idea which influenced Westerners to see all humans universally was able to take root in the late 18th and early 19th century.
abolitionism
When did slavery end in Mexico, Britain, Brazil, Russia?
Mexico 1824
Britain 1833
Brazil 1888
Russia 1861
Term for feudal slavery.
serfdom
True or False: Most instances of imperialism took place without large settlements by Europeans.
true
Three colonies were Europeans actively settled with large populations.
Australia, New Zealand, South Africa
Europeans encountered more organized resistance in these areas.
New Zealand, South Africa
What was the rebellion by a group of martial artists to rid China of intruders, and end the ‘Spheres of Influence’ in China?
boxer rebellion
Chinese dynasty and empress during the period of colonization.
Qing, Empress Cixi
While the rebellion initially began without the sanctioning government, what forces soon joined the rebels?
Qing military forces
Why did the rebellion occur?
by the 1890s, the chinese people and government had been humiliated by the Opium wars, and the intrusion of Westerners, Russia, and Japan
What did the rebels temporarily accomplish?
Violently overran many unsuspecting western offices and businesses
killed many europeans citizens, officials, and ambassadors
What was the result of the rebellion?
a joint coalition force of Western forces
What were the largest and greatest challenges to Western imperialism in the 19th century?
Boxer imperialism, Sepoy Mutiny in India in 1857
What nations formed or maintained independent states near the edges of Western imperial empires in the 19th century?
Cherokee nation, Kingdom of Hawaii, Zulu kingdom
The forced march of the Cherokee Nation to a US Indian reservation in Oklahoma.
trail of tears
The last queen of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
queen liliuokalani
How and when was the last queen removed from power?
annexed following an american coup against queen in 1893
What is the Kingdom of Siam currently called?
modern-day Thailand
Zulu king who united many of the South African tribes in the 1920s.
Shaka Zulu
The wars in which the British forcibly took the colony of South African and the Dutch.
boer wars
The British and Zulus fought this conflict over territories in South Africa.
angelo-zulu war
What happened in the Battle of Islawanda?
massacre
What was the result and impact of the British war against the Zulu Kingdom?
conquered the zulu kingdom
New factors greatly increased agricultural output in the 17th and 18th centuries and what did they ensure?
convertible husbandry
enclosure
ensured agriculture was commercialized efficiently for profit
clovers
These two provided fertilizer in the form of livestock manure, and nutrients from clovers, to maintain full use of land.
Clovers
convertible husbandry
What was the purpose of the enclosure movement?
ensured agriculture was commercialized efficiently for profit
Boosted the population of Western countries dramatically.
industrialized food production and equipment
industrial canned food
ice boxes allowed longer storage, preservation
Reduced death by disease.
vaccinations
These discoveries allowed for the prevention of infection.
discovery of bacteria and sanitation
bathe discovery and/or invention of sanitation products such as bleach and soap
Note
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