Advanced Nutrition Exam

upwards of 90% of this electrolyte is in ionized from in blood

phosphate

the largest electrolyte in the ICF is

phosphate

which factor does not take part in regulating the output of fluid when ECF volume is low

insulin

the dominant negative ion in the ECF (plasma and interstitial)

Chloride

the dominant caption in the ECF is

sodium

which electrolyte might decrease in the ECF with hydrogen ions

potassium

this electrolyte in high concentration can induce sudden cardiac death

potassium

which is not an essential function of calcium

fluid shift and balance

this enzyme excretion in urine is regulated by ADH-ANP aldosterone

sodium

which is not true in hypertonicity of ECF?

movement of water into ECF from other compartments

which resistant starches are crystallized

R2 and R3

which application is correct in diverticulitis

reduced fiber diet

which hormonal changes occur in response to high blood pressure

increased insulin, decreased glucagon

the transporter liver cells facilitates fructose uptake

GLUT5

in what form do carbohydrates enter the bloodstream

monosaccharides

which polysaccharide haas both soluble and insoluble characteristics

hemicellulose

these compounds combine to initiate citrate/ TCA cycle are

oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA

the rate controlling enzyme is glycolysis is

phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

which is not an irreversible step enzyme in gluconeogenesis

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

which is most dependent on the product NADPH from the penthouse phosphate pathway for production from oxidation

mammary gland

in what organ compartment are the enzymes that oxidize glucose located

cytoplasm matrix

what tissue capable of glycogenesis cannot contribute tip blood glucose levels during fasting due to absence of the enzyme glucose 6 phosphates

muscle

which process does insulin stimulate

glycogenesis

glycemic load is a measure of

quanitity and quality of carbohydrate in food

the SGLT 1 active transport is important in the mutation associated with

Glucose galactose malabsorption

fructose transport into specialized cells such as cardiac muscle is facilitated by

GLUT 4

the enzyme needed to hydrolyze the alpha 1,6 bond off amylopectin is

isomaltase

in what form do carbohydrates enter the bloodstream

monosaccharides

what is the most stored homopolysaccharide in animal cells

glycogen

why is amylase unable digest cellulose

it does not recognize. the point of hydrolysis

the function of the amino acid tyrosine includes all but

synthesis of serotonin

sarcopenia means

loss in body mass/fat tissue

what is the key role of SAM in human physiology

single methyl donor

the protein reduces oxidants like peroxide radicals to water is

glutathione

which is not aa neurotoxin found in phenylketonuria

phenyl citrate

maple syrup disease is caused by failure in branched alpha kept acid dehydrogenase in

skeletal muscle

the enzymatic digestion of macronutrients binds is by the chemical process (apple)

hydrolysis

which compounds should be restricted in tyrosinemia

phenylanine; tyrosine

which is not a functional category of proteins

inhibitor

a gastric tumor cell secretes a compound that dentures proteins. which compound is expected to increase in the gastric lumen

hydrochloric acid

which amino acid is not involved in the pathology of maple syrup urine disease

lysine

which macronutrients can reduce the demand for amino acid degradation for ATP synthesis

carbohydrates

which is not a site for protein degradation in a cell

Golgi apparatus

which is not a biogenic amine

oxaloacetate

the peptide (methionine-alanine-lysine) is unique for what reason

has disulfide bonds

which of the following changes does not occur with age

increased body mass

tripeptide found in the blood circulation of a person with normal gastrointestinal function is less likely to be from

the enterocytes

what happens to tripeptides and dipeptides that are absorbed by the enterocytes

degraded to amino acids

as a nutritionist, which us the most expedient means to prevent amino acid related illness in an infants with a gene mutation that causes metabolic derangement

exclude it from the diet

aminopeptidase cleaves peptide bonds adjacent to

N-terminal amino acid

which is the main amino acid transport mechanism in the. baasolateral membrane of enterocytes

ATPase/K/Na pump

which enzyme activates all the proteases in the small intestine including itself

pancreatic trypsin

which factor distinguished electrolytes from non electrolytes

form covalent bonds

which might render the most effective skin treatment among carotenoids?

beta carotene

Thee micelle transport of vitamins E into the enterocyte occur by this transport mode

by passive transport

Vitamin A are stored primarily in these cells?

stellate cells

This provitamin vitamin is important in cell differentiation and proliferation

beta carotene

which of the following is not a classic result of vitamin A deficiency

spinal bifida occulta

activation of vitamin D2 occurs in this organ

kidney

which fat-soluble vitamin regulate the differentiation of stem cells in bone tissue?

vitamin D3

what is the main characteristic of rickets?

growing bones metric fail to mineralize properly

which is the reference compound for the vitamin A activity and RDA?

retinol

which is incorrect about vitamin D?

inhibits the differentiation of hair follicles and skin cells

which vitamin E property makes it unique for cell membrane storage

influence gene expression

why does vitamin K. have high toxicity tendency?

they are stored in adipocytes

which vitamin E properly makes it. unique for cell membrane storage?

antioxidant capacity

vitamin E reduces heart disease primarily through

reduce atherosclerotic plaque formation

which of these condition mine one not find vitamin E deficiency

colitis

vitamin E deficiency might result in all except

enact skeletal muscle cell membrane

which is an unlikely means of excreting vitamin E from the body

hair loss

which form of vitamin k has high propensity for toxicity in large amounts

menadione

what is the chemical name of plant sources vitamin K

phylloquinone

vitamin K deficiency will prevent ___ of the clotting factors

carboxylation

why do newborns receive vitamin k injection at birth

to prevent microvascular bleeding

____ is important in releasing vitamin E from complexed lipids in the GI tract

lipases

the length of time advised in class to give zinc for wound healing is?

14 weeks

which might not be present in iodine deficiency

myxedema

which is unlikely to be seen in cretinism

normal growth pattern

This mineral has anabolic growth effect?

iodine

copper deficiency in the organ systems due to chromosome aberration is?

Menkes disease

Deficiency of this nutrient high be seen in long-term total parenteral feeding?

selenium

the nutrient can decrease dental carries

fluoride

discolored teeth might be symptomatic of excess levels of this mineral

fluoride

this nutrient enhances insulin activity and glucose tolerance?

chromium

this nutrient is important in the metabolism of methionine and arginine

arsenic

the most potent vitamin A is

retinol

which vitamin A enters portal blood directly and attach to albumin for transport

retinoic acid

toxicity of this vitamin manifests as hair loss, ataxia, dry itchy, and flaky skin

vitamin A

the lesser amount of vitamin D absorbed by the intestine is transported by

chylomicron

osteomalacia may present in deficiency of all except one

Magnesium

which is not a secondary storage site for vitamin E

heart

this nutrient may be restricted during warfarin therapy

vitamin K

which specialized organelle in cells makes ribosomes

nucleolus

which aspect of nutritional genomic studies how nutrient influence gene activities?

nutrigenomics

the single nucleotide polymorphism in phenylketonuria?

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

the disease cause by mutation of 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene(MTHFR gene) can be treated with high doses of this nutrient?

folic acid

which is not an example of how a latent gene interaction with environment can result in disease

sickle cell anemia

which compound is key to the inflammatory process in cells

arachidonic acid

vitamin a and carotenoids reach the liver by what means

coupled to ceruloplasmin

gene mutation in the small intestine prevents the absorption of vitamin D. What is not a treatment option for the person?

supplement vitamin D capsule