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218 Terms

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Cultural
Management which includes strategic schemes and planning of farm activities "trap crop" "burning of rice hay"
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Hemimetabola
incomplete metamorphosis, are observed on insect which its immature stage are aquatic. "Naiad"
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emergent
aquatic weeds as their roots are planted at the soil beneath the water and its other plant parts are floating as connected by a strong stem in between "lotus"
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Damping-off
usually caused by soilborne plant pathogens that causes extensive tissue necrosis to the tender tissue of the roots and stem of the plant near the soil line "rotting of seedlings prior to emergence of rotting of seedling stems at an area just above soil"
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granules
are a formulation where the pesticide is impregnated in an organic material such as sand, clay or some other dried substance that can be spread. 'applied undiluted'
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Chelicera
normally found in arachnids. This is the first pair of fang-like appendages near the mouth of an arachnid; often modified for grasping and piercing.
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Rotting/Rot
disintegration and decomposition of host tissue
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Yellowing
chlorosis or decrease of leafs chlorophyll
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Wilt
characterize by drooping and shrivelling of plant organ
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Blight
withering without rotting
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Necrosis
death of plant cell/tissue
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Stunting
decrease in the size of the entire/ some organs of a plant
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ooze
are masses of bacteria cells. exudates of bacterial cells on the surface of plant parts infected with bacteria
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abdomen
Sting of wasp can be found at its ______ and it is an organ which injected neurotoxins.
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Plesionecrotic
symptoms exhibited (silvering, yellowing, wilting) those of affected tissues that are not yet dead but in the press of dying.
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labium
the insect's lower lip. This is positioned towards the back of the head and helps hold food in place when the insect feeds. It functions in grasping, manipulating, and retaining food.
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Labrum
the upper lip that helps hold food in a position when the insect feeds
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Hypopharyx
is tongue-like structure used my mosquitoes to pierce host tissue
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Epipharyx
is an organ of taste
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Bacteria
soft rots
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Fungi
lesion, spots
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Viruses
mosaicking, mottling
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Nematodes
wilting and galls
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Conidia
are spores produced asexually from fungi as with those in the class of Deuteromycota. The latter is known as an imperfect fungi (no sexual state).
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Hymnoptera
order of insects developed their wings internally. are spores produced asexually from fungi as with those in the class of Deuteromycota. The latter is known as an imperfect fungi (no sexual state).
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Isoptera
termite insects have moniliform type of antenna which resembles a string of beads.
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phytophagous
eats on any part of plants
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zoophagous
eats animal
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entomophagous
eats insect
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pollinator
animal that moves pollen from male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower
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Puccinia polysora
fungus causing corn rust and an important disease of corn in tropical areas. It produces dense uredial pustules on the surfaces of the corn leaves, leaf sheaths, and stalks
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Bipolaris maydis
causes southern corn leaf blight
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Ustilago maydis
causes corn smut.
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Uromyces phaseoly
causes bean rust
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Mollicutes
are parasites of various animals and plants, living on or in the host's cells. They are bacteria without cell walls and are located in the sieve of the phloem. Resistant to penicillin but not to tetracycline, binary fission and budding, smallest and simplest prokaryote
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Stemborer
has destructive mouth parts. Other choices have piercing-sucking mouthparts, thus, capable only of sucking plant saps.
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Sedges
are member of Cyperaceae Family wherein genus Cyperus is under. Other sedges have genus such as Scirpus and Fimbristyllis.
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Intact host surface
bacteria cannot enter the plant because no penetration organ in them unlike fungi, thus, they rely only on the natural openings and wound of its host.
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Golden apple snail
is a mollusk
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Use of resistant variety
the cheapest way of controlling pest because the plant itself is capable of repelling or avoiding pest damage.
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Ahphids
"most important group of vector" of plant virus as they transmit several plant viruses to highly economic crops such as banana, apple, etc.
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appressorium
A specialized cell used by several fungal plant diseases to infect host plants
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Pharate condition
state of an insect that has formed a new exoskeleton but that is still covered by the old
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Teneral condition
phase when insect is recently moulted and has soft integument
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Ecdysis
Periodic shedding of the cuticle in arthropods
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Apolysis
the separation of the epidermal cells from the cuticle, marks the beginning of the molt and the next instar.
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uredospores
fungal inocula initiated the rust disease outbreak in the tropics
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diptera
a large order of insects having a single pair of wings and sucking or piercing mouths. Rice whorl maggot is under diptera. Note that immature flies are called maggots.
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Pythium palmivora
causes collapse of the spear and younger leaves of coconut "coconut bud rot"
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Canker
exhibited its unique symptom of callus (sunken necrotic area with cracked border) formation around the sunken necrotic lesion.
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Cerci
perform a sensory function on the abdomen.
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Disease
the abnormal condition or changes in the normal function and characteristic of an organ.
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Systemic insecticide
costs much more as compared to contact insecticide as the active ingredient of this type of insecticide are distributed throughout the plant system.
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Grass
Saccharum spontaneum (Kans/Asian), Eleusine indica (goose grass), Imperata cylindrica (cogon)
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Agrostology
is the technical term for the study of grasses.
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Prevent
approach to weed management that implies non-exchange of weeds from one are to another
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Antennae
paired sensory organs on the heads of insects. Antennae are sensitive to touch, smell and, in some species, sound. Antennae are made up of several segments and different groups of insects have different forms of antennae
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geniculate
bees antennae
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plumose
male mosquito antennae
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pilose
female mosquito antennae
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clavate
butterfly antennae
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Water
starts the process of weed germination as it is absorbed by the embryo which results to the rehydration of and expansion of the cells
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parasitoid
is an insect whose larvae live as parasites that eventually kill their hosts (typically other insects).
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Comperiella calauanica
parasitoid of coconut scale insect
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Cotesia sp.
parasitizes caterpillar
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Encarsia formosa
parasitoid of greenouse whitefly
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Plant Disease Diagnosis
the study of factors and its mechanisms of inducing disease in plants as well as methods of prevention and control of disease and damage
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Plant Pathology
the study of the organisms and of the environmental factors that casue disease in plants.
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Symptomatlogy
first phase in plant pathology which deals with the symptoms and signs of plant disease for the purpose of diagnosis.
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Epidemiology
deals with the transmission and control of disease
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Flagellum
a lash-like appendage used for locomotion by a bacteria enables them move through films of water
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Hypoplastic
symptoms (stunting, chlorosis, mottle, curling, rosetting) exhibited failure of plants to develop fully due to decreased in production of the number of cells.
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Synapse
the junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle
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Axon
the long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron
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Dendrites
short fiber that conducts toward the cell body of the neuron.
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Plecoptera
stoneflies; The nymphs or immatures live on or about stones in streams and rivers, hence their common name.
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Isoptera
termites; order of social insects that live in colonies, often placed in subclass Exopterygota
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Diptera
Flies; a large order of insects having a single pair of wings and sucking or piercing mouths
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Collembola
springtails; minute wingless arthropods
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Trichodorus
stubby root nematode
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Meloidogyne
Root-knot nematode
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Helicotylenchulus
spiral nematodes
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Aphelenchoides
foliar nematodes causing leaf malformations
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Metalaxyl
a systemic fungicide which is use to control diseases caused by Oomycete fungi. Usually its formulation are in granules and powder.
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Chlorosis
pertains to the yellowing of normally green tissue
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Colonization
is the act of development or reproduction of a plant pathogen for the purpose of spreading within its host
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Wilt
characterize by drooping and shrivelling of plant organ
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Necrosis
death of plant cell/tissue
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Bipolaris maydis
is a fungal which causes southern corn leaf blight.
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Orthoptera
(grasshoppers, crickets and similar families)
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Mantodea
(praying mantis)
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Phasmatodea
(stick and leaf insects)
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Blattodea
(cockroaches)
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tegmen
modified leathery front wing on an insect that belongs to Orthopterans
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Lesion
localized area of discolored and diseased tissue
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Deuteromycetes
fungi reproduce asexually; called conidia
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Calcium carbonate
reduced the accumulation of phytotoxic compounds during the decomposition of crop residue.
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Phasmatodea
Stick insects
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Mantodea
Praying mantis
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Orthoptera
grasshoppers and locusts; crickets