Schacter & Singer Study Guide - AICE Psych Midterm 2022

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Description and Tags

Two-Factor-Theory of Emotions study.

9 Terms

1
Sample
* 185 white male college students.
* They were psychology students.
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2
Research Design
  • Lab Experiment

  • Independent Measures

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3
Procedure
  • P’s arrive at lab, told the experiment was for vision.

    • They were lied to! (Deception)

  • P’s injected with epinephrine, told about different side effects

    • Epi-Informed told actual side effects, Epi-Misinformed told wrong side effects, Epi-Ignorant told there would be no side effects.

    • Placebo group told nothing, injected with a saline solution.

  • At this point, the P either went into the euphoric or anger conditions.

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4
Procedure (cont’d.)

EUPHORIC:

  • Stooge arrives! Doctor tells P and Stooge to help themselves to the items in the room.

  • P makes icebreaker comments, plays with items.

ANGER:

  • Doctor told P and Stooge to complete a questionnaire.

    • Stooge attempted to create an angry environment through irate/annoyed comments.

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5
Procedure (cont’d.)
  • The questionnaire became increasingly more personal as it progressed, and the Stooge became more angry.

  • After they finished, the doctor returned.

    • Took P’s pulses, gave one last questionnaire (the self report).

  • Experimenters came at the end and debriefed P’s.

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6
Results

EUPHORIC:

  • Epi-Misinformed was the happiest of all conditions.

    • Second happiest was Epi-Ignorant. Informed felt the least happy.

    • This makes sense!! The misinformed and ignorant felt the happiest because they didn’t have an explanation as to why they were physiologically aroused (increased heart rate etc.).

ANGER:

  • Ignorant was the angriest. Second angriest was the Placebo. The least angry were the Informed.

    • The Informed group actually reported feeling the angriest.

      • Self fulfilling prophecy: They were “told” they were angry by the questionnaire, so they felt the angriest.

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7
Conditions/Groups

EUPHORIC:

  • Epi-Informed, Epi-Misinformed, Epi-Ignorant, Placebo

ANGER:

  • Epi-Informed, Epi-Ignorant, Placebo

(7 conditions total)

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8
Things Stooges Did

EUPHORIC:

  • Stooge made icebreaker comments, suggested the P play with the items in the room with them.

    • Items = Paper, rubber bands, pencils, folders, hula hoops.

ANGER:

  • Stooge made angry comments like:

    • “It’s unfair for them to give you shots”

    • “This really irritates me”

    • “The hell with it”

    • “I’m not wasting any more time.”

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9
Application of Study
* Findings can help hospital patients who are given medicine that has negative side effects.
* Patients can engage in activities that induce euphoria.
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