Dendro Tree Descriptions

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Red Maple

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Red Maple

Opposite, blunt reddish brown buds

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Shingle Oak

Alternate, olive-orange twigs, conical buds, bowl shaped acorn cap

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Black Locust

Alternate, ropey bark, paired spines

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Paper Birch

Alternate, white papery bark, sticky buds

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Gray Birch

Alternate, grayish white bark, single male catkin

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Southern Magnolia

Evergreen alternate leaves, rust brown underneath leaf, on twig, and bud

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Ginkgo

Alternate, red brown twigs and thick spur shoots, irregularly ridged bark

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Sugar Maple

Opposite, sharp brown buds

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Flowering Dogwood

Opposite, blocky bark, green or purple twigs, cat claw leaf buds, hershey kiss flower buds

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White Oak

Alternate, clustered round buds, white bark

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Black Oak

Alternate, clustered long tan hairy buds, black bark

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Yellow Poplar

Alternate, shallow diamond furrows, duck bill buds

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Green Ash

Opposite, brown boot leather bud, half circle leaf scar

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White Fir

Evergreen with suction cup needles

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Norway Spruce

Evergreen, shiny green needles on woody peg

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Eastern White Pine

Evergreen, 5 needles per fascicle

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American Sycamore

Alternate, camo patterned bark, bud hidden under petiole

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Black Cherry

Alternate, burnt cornflake bark, reddish brown to green buds

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Boxelder

Opposite, green twig

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Norway Maple

Opposite, purple turban shaped bud

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Silver Maple

Opposite, reddish brown buds, long thin strips of peeling bark

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Pawpaw

Alternate, bat ear buds, smooth bark with lenticels

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Blackgum

Alternate, diaphragmed pith, ridged and furrowed to blocky bark

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Dawn Redwood

Opposite, reddish peeling bark, cylindrical buds

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American Beech

Alternate, cigar shaped buds, 11-14 leaf veins

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European Beech

Alternate, cigar shaped buds, 7-9 leaf veins

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Sweetgum

Alternate, round spiky seed pods, green to orange brown buds

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Black Cherry

Alternate, burnt cornflake bark, reddish brown to green buds

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Sweet Birch

Alternate, plated gray bark, green and brown buds, wintergreen taste

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River Birch

Alternate, brownish/salmon peeling bark, pubescent buds and twigs

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Honeylocust

Alternate, zig zag twigs with branched thorns, plated bark, curling seed pods

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Kentucky Coffeetree

Alternate, salmon colored pith, large flat seed pods

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Sassafras

Alternate, green twigs with sweet smell when broke, cinnamon colored inner bark

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Sweet Cherry

Alternate, smooth bark with think lenticels, large reddish buds

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Bigtooth Aspen

Alternate, gray brown bark that splits, orange brown buds with small hairs

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Weeping Willow

Alternate, dropping form, appressed buds and furrowed bark

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Black Willow

Alternate, yellow twigs with appressed buds

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Willow Oak

Alternate, tiny clustered terminal buds, tiny acorns

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White Spruce

Evergreen with white-ish green needles, needles not sharp, cones 1.5-2.5 inches long

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Callery Pear

Alternate, shallow furrows and scaly ridges, white fuzzy buds

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Hophornbeam

Alternate, smooth splotchy bark (when young), shaggy shredded bark (when older), green/red brown striated buds, “hops” shaped fruit

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American Chestnut

Alternate, hairless orange-brown twigs/buds, spiky fruit

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Chinese Chestnut

Alternate, lenticel covered pubescent twigs and buds, spiky fruit, furrowed bark

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Alleghany Chinkapin

Alternate, pubescent twigs and buds, spiky fruit, small shrub

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Chinkapin Oak

Alternate, clustered conical buds, bowl shaped acorn cap, shallow ridges and furrows

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Bur Oak

Alternate, clustered terminal buds with burs attached, large acorns with warty caps and burs

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Pin Oak

Alternate, clustered conical terminal buds, shallow ridged bark, flattened acorn cap

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Spicebush

Alternate, greenish twigs with round buds, spicy smell when twig broken, brown bark with many small lenticels, bright red fruit in fall

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Cucumbertree

Alternate, light brown very soft bark, red-brown twigs with stout white fuzzy buds, “cat poop” fruit

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White Ash

Opposite, brown leathery buds, ashy bark forming interlacing ridges, Cheshire smile leaf scars

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Virginia Pine

Evergreen, two short twisty needles per fascicle

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Blackhaw

Opposite, middle finger buds, shrub/small tree

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Eastern Redbud

Alternate, zigzag dark-colored white-spotted twigs, dark red to chestnut buds, small legume seed pods

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Hornbeam

Alternate, smooth blue-gray “fluted” bark, angled brown buds, leafy fruit

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Northern Catalpa

Whorled, scaly ridged bark, long legume-like seed pods, lamprey-mouth leaf scars

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Northern Red Oak

Alternate, clustered, pentagonal terminal buds, large acorns with very flat cap

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Common Persimmon

Alternate, brown bark with rough diamond ridge/furrow pattern, chocolate brown underneath bark, tan pubescent buds, chambered pith

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Bitternut Hickory

Alternate, smooth gray bark when young, interlacing ridges when older, distinct yellowish terminal buds, nut has a thin husk

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Pignut Hickory

Alternate, smooth gray bark when young, interlacing shaggy topped ridges when older, smallish glaborous terminal buds, nut has a thick husk

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Shagbark Hickory

Alternate, smooth gray bark when young, bark begins to “shag” when older, tomentose twigs with large pubescent terminal buds, nut has a thivk husk

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Mockernut Hickory

Alternate, smooth gray bark when young, interlaced round topped ridged bark when older, pubescent twigs and terminal buds, nut has think husk

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European Larch

Deciduous needles, straw colored twigs with rounded buds and spur shoots

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Hawthorn

Alternate, smooth gray-brown bark when young, bark darkens and gets scaly when older, dark red and round buds, small red or yellow fruits, large thorns

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American Basswood

Alternate, beer-gut buds, smooth nutlets attached to leaf

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Littleleaf Linden

Alternate, beer-gut buds, ridged nutlets attached to leaf

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Kousa Dogwood

Opposite, camo colored bark, cat claw leaf buds and round flower buds

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Great Rhododendron

Evergreen leaves, yellow green pubescent twigs with leaf-covered buds

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Austrian Pine

Evergreen needles, two non twisty needles per fascicle, needles do not easily break when bent

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Longleaf Pine

Evergreen needles, three very long needles per fascicle

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Hackberry

Alternate, smooth bark when young, bark forms warts and “topographical” ridges, brown twigs with lenticels, tan triangular appressed buds,

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American Elm

Alternate, interlacing flat topped ridges, alternating light and dark layers in bark when cut, glabrous, zigzag twigs with reddish brown buds

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Chinese Elm

Alternate, puzzle piece bark with brown and orange patches, zigzag twigs with lenticels and orange brown buds

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Slippery Elm

Alternate, noninterlacing flat topped ridges, zigzag twigs with dark brown to black buds

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Japanese Zelkova

Alternate, smooth bark with orange patches, thin twigs with reddish brown conical buds

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Hazel Alder

Alternate, small shrub with smooth fluted bark, reddish matchstick buds

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Silky Dogwood

Opposite, multi-stemmed shrub, reddish purple to green bark, red-pruple twigs with salmon colored pith and white hairs, small hairy buds

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Mountain Laurel

Alternate, large shrub/small tree, shredded bark, red to green twigs with leaf clusters at branch tips

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Sourwood

Alternate, gray-brown deeply blocky bark, green to red twigs, tiny appressed buds and raised leaf scars

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Flame Azalea

Alternate, tall shrub, gray brown finely shredded bark, very hairy twigs with clustered buds

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Lowbush Blueberry

Alternate, small shrub that is green to the ground

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Bear Oak

Alternate, shrubs growing near water, smooth gray bark, pubescent twigs with reddish brown, small clustered terminal buds

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Chestnut Oak

Alternate, blocky flat topped ridges, hairless twigs with long, pointed, clustered buds, long acorns with warty teacup shaped cap

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Table Mountain Pine

Evergreen needles, two twisty needles per fascicle, 1.5-3.5 inches long, sharp cones usually clustered

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Black Raspberry

Alternate, small canes with a whitish purple stem and small prickles, tips of stems will root in ground

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