Intro to Music: The Baroque

The Baroque

1600-1750

The Baroque can be defined by the word:

bizarre

_______ became more powerful in Europe

artistocracy

More musicians emerged from the _______ class

middle

______ compositions became more popular to create compared to monophonic

polyphonic

Mood and Emotion became topics to discuss in music such as:

love, hate, joy, sorrow, elation, grief, wonder, desire

Dynamics now would shift abruptly throughout compositions this is known is:

Terraced Dynamics

Chords now had an emphasis with a ____line

bass

Basso-Continuo

compromised of two instruments, primarily 2 keyboard instruments with a cello or even a bassoon

Baroque started to use______, which were independent parts of a larger composition

movements

Who were some of the wealthiest courts in the Baroque?

King Louis XIV and the Esterhazy’s in Hungary

The church was still labeled as what?

the first ever arena to expose music to the masses

_____ musicians were paid less than _____ musicians

church, court

What were conservatories?

originally orphanages for kids, providing them with. musical experience and education

the Baroque started to use _____ ensembles

larger

Concerto Grosso

small group of soloists pitted against a larger group

The Brandenburg Concerto by Bach is a what?

it is a concerto grosso

Opera

drama sung to musical accompaniment

Opera included:

Acting, scenery, music, poetry

The characteristics of an Opera

-Libretto

-Librettist

-Impresario

-Singers/Soloists

Libretto

text or story of an opera

Librettist

author of the libretto

Impresario

director of an opera

Voice Types for Opera

Coloratura Soprano

Lyric Soprano

Dramatic Soprano

Lyric Tenor

Dramatic Tenor

Brasso Buffo

Brasso Profundo

Coloratura Soprano

High, light range

Lyric Soprano

Suited for graceful, charming roles

Dramatic soprano

full and powerful voice

Lyric Tenor

Light, Bright voice

Dramatic Tenor

Heroic, romantic

Brasso Buffo

Bass voice, comic roles

Basso Profundo

Low range, powerful and dramatic

Aria

Song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment

Recitative

vocal line that imitates rhythms and fluctuations of speech and variables

Opera was invented in ____

Italy

The opera was created by the ______, who wanted to originate a new kind of music with Ancient Greek tradgedies

Florentine camerata

The earliest Opera on record is ______ which is the based on the Greek myth of Orpheus descending to hell to bring back his love, Euridice

Euridice

Teatro San Cassiano, 1637, Venice

The First ever Opera House

Due to the limited availability of female singers, operas were consisted of mainly _______, who had a much higher salary

castrati’s

Secco

dry recitative, only accompanied by basso continuo

Accopagnato

a more dramatic recitative

Claudio Monteverdi

a singer and violists, who created madrigals, church music and operas

the Opera “Orfeo"“ was created by whom?

Monteverdi

Tu Se’ Morta, is what?

an Aria

Henry Purcell was the most _____composer of the baroque

famous

Dido and Aeneas, by Purcell was a story based on:

the libretto of Naham Tate, which was the epic poem of Aeneid

Baroque also had an interest in ____ music

instrumental

Sonata

several movements from 1 to 8 instruments

Trio Sonatas

4 instruments 2 high lines, and a basso continuo

Vivaldi was a violinist and superintendent for:

The Pieta School, Conservatory of orphaned girls

Solo Concerto

single instrument vs. orchestra

Vivaldis Four Seasons is an example of _____music

program

Program Music

instrumental music that aims to tell a story

Bach was ____ in terms of religion

Lutheran

Bach wrote heavily polyphonic music, but never composed:

He never composed an opera

Bach’s suite No.3 in D major was a:

Set of dances

What were all of the sets of dances in Bach’s suite

Allemande

Gavotte

Sarabande

Gigue

Allemande

German moderately paced dance

Gavotte

French moderately paced dance

Sarabande

Spanish solemn and slow dance

Gigue

English/Irish jig, fast paced

Oratorio

Large composition for chorus, vocal, soloists orchestra with narrative text

The difference between an opera and an oratorio is that

Orotorio’s are based on based on biblical stories and were not intended to be played out the way that operas are.

Handel was considered Bach’s ____

rival

Handel was born in Germany but moved to ____ for a salary from the court

England