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i am going to fail pt. 2

Biology

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103 Terms

1
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The process by which 1n gametes become the 2n zygote
fertilization
2
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The cell which undergoes meiosis to generate spores
spore mother cell
3
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The process by which Gametophytes generate the gametes
mitosis
4
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The cell that develops into the embryo
zygote
5
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Gametophyte
haploid
6
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Spore mother cell
diploid
7
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Spore
haploid
8
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Sperm
haploid
9
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Embryo
diploid
10
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Zygote
diploid
11
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Sporophyte
diploid
12
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Egg
haploid
13
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What is the function of the cuticle in plants?
protects against desiccation
14
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A haploid reproductive cell capable of developing in an adult without fusion with another cell. usually unicellular.
spore
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a multicellular male gametophyte found in angiosperms and gymnosperms.
pollen
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In bryophytes, the \__________ generation is dominant.
gametophytes
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in ferns and seed plants the \________ generation is dominant.
sporophytes
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When a bee lands on a flower, it collects pollen on its body. Pollen, the male reproductive structure, contains the male gamete, also called \____________.
sperm
19
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The bee will then fly from one flower to another, bringing the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure. This process is called \_____________.
pollination
20
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It is not until the sperm travels down the female part of the plant and unites with the egg, a process called \_____________, that the \__________ is formed and a new plant generation can begin.
fertilization, zygote
21
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The apical meristem is responsible for \__________ growth which is growth in length.
primary
22
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The lateral meristem is responsible for \__________ growth and woody stems have 2 lateral meristems.
secondary
23
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one lateral meristem is the Vascular cambium which produces secondary \___________ and secondary \___________ . Secondary xylem is the main component of wood.
xylem, phloem
24
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consist of undifferentiated cells
meristems
25
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they divide to give rise to differentiating daughter cells
meristems
26
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they allow for plant growth
meristems
27
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true or false: trees and shrubs have lateral meristems but do not have apical meristems.
false
28
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The vascular cambium is found \__________.
in between the xylem and phloem
29
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In which of the following biomes would you be least likely to find annual growth rings.
tropical rain forest
30
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What would occur first when a tree is girdled?
death to the roots of the tree, because they would no longer be able to receive carbohydrates from the leaves.
31
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The solute potential of a cell will always be \__________ . The pressure potential of a cell will always be \_________.
negative, positive
32
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A cell has a Solute potential of -0.4MPa, and a Pressure potential of 0.2MPa. This means that the Water potential of that cell is \__________. If this cell is placed in a beaker with a Solute potential of -0.2MPA, the water \______________ (There will be no net movement of water.)
-0.2MPa, will not move in or out
33
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A cell has a Solute potential of -0.7MPa, and a Pressure potential of 0.4MPa. This means that the Water potential of that cell is\___________. If this cell is placed in a beaker with a Solute potential of -0.6MPA, the water \___________ of the cell .
-0.3MPa ,will move out
34
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If you fertilize your house plant too often, the plant will look wilted even though the soil is wet. This is because the solute potential in the root cells is \_____________ compared to the solute potential surrounding the root cells. This causes the water \__________ the root cells .
more positive, to leave
35
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Transpiration in plants occurs during the day when guard cells are turgid, creating \______________ pressure in the xylem. At night, these cells close when \__________________ .
negative, ABA is synthesized
36
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Negative pressure in the Xylem is created because the xylem is essentially a tube. _____________ causes the negative pressure because the water potential in the air is ___________ compared to the water potential of the leaf. This causes the water to ___________ . Due to cohesion and adhesion, water molecules are pulled through the xylem.
transpiration, more negative, exit the leaf
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Cohesion
water adheres to itself
38
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Adhesion
water adheres to the walls of the xylem
39
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Roots
positive pressure creates a "pushing" force
40
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Transpiration
negative pressure creates a "pulling" force
41
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transport through xylem vessels can be blocked by \_______, which are air bubbles in the xylem.
cavitation
42
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the active transport of sugars in the sieve tube members is called:
translocation
43
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what would occur is debris lodges in the stomata and prevents them from closing?
increased transpiration
44
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What are 2 main reasons that plants exposed to smoke may see a decrease by as much as 50% in photosynthesis?
The destruction of chlorophyll and the impeding of the movement of carbon dioxide into the plant through the leaf.
45
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Explain how clogged stomata may cause water stress in plants.
The pore is stuck open and can no longer function correctly, which causes transpiration to continuously occur through the stomata and water loss causes stress to the plant. The plant will lose too much water.
46
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What are 3 ways plants can benefit from fire?
The three ways that plants can benefit from fire are: seed germination, seed dispersal, and the ash can act as a good fertilizer.
47
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True or False: Rhizobium are the most common bacteria on the planet and help explain why Nitrogen is rare in the atmosphere but found in great abundance in its organic form.
false,
48
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The plant obtains nitrogen from this beneficial symbiotic relationship
the rhizobia gain oxygen from this beneficial symbiotic relationship
49
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The plant obtains phosphorous and micronutrients from this beneficial symbiotic relationship
the mycorrhiza fungi gain carbohydrates from this beneficial symbiotic relationship
50
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The carnivorous plant obtains nitrogen from this interaction
the insect is consumed in this interaction
51
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The parasitic plant obtains carbohydrates and sometimes other nutrients from this interaction
the host, such as another plant or fungi, gains nothing and is often damaged in this interaction.
52
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The process of converting a gas into an organic compound is called \_________ .
fixation
53
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In plants, the conversion of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates takes place in the \___________.
chloroplasts
54
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Plants cannot access atmospheric nitrogen due to its triple bond. To convert this gas into organic matter, bacteria such as rhizobia convert this compound into \___________.
nitrates
55
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Silica inclusions and thorns
first line physical defense mechanism
56
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Allelopathy
one plant produces a chemical that influences other plants
57
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Jasmonic Acid
inducible defense triggered by wounding
58
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Airborne signal
attracts parasitic wasps to lay eggs on plant eating caterpillars
59
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Systemic Acquired Resistance
temporary broad ranging defense to a pathogen
60
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Which macronutrients are absorbed from the soil by the plant roots
hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium
61
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Uptake of positive ions by plants roots occurs by...
cation exchange
62
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what is involved in pathogen response for plants?
hypersensitive response, systemic acquired resistance, gene-for-gene hypothesis
63
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what is considered food that directly supplies energy to plant cells?
sugars
64
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etiolation
process of a seedling using its stored carbohydrates to grow and reach the sunlight
65
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chlorophyll
helps plants produce carbohydrates from CO2, water, and sunlight
66
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phytochrome
pigment used for plant growth signaling
67
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phototropism
a plant is placed in a window and over time it bends towards the sunlight
68
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thigmotropism
hops grow up to 20 inches per week by wrapping tendrils around support trellises.
69
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photomorphogenesis
a tree in a crowded forest begins to grow rapidly taller to obtain more light
70
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thigmomorphogenesis
a tree on a windy hillside is shaped by mechanical force and results in few branches on the windward side.
71
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vernalization
process where a plant in stimulated to bloom only after a cold period
72
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phase change
process where a plant alters its physical appearance and develops the competency to flower.
73
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Gravity is perceived by the cell, possibly by the sinking of \____________. This mechanical signal is transduced into a physiological signal in the gravity-sensing cell, and then the signal is sent to other cells, with the hormone auxin playing a role. Differential cell \___________ occurs, affecting cells in the "up" and "down" sides of the root or shoot and causing it to curve in the appropriate direction. Roots are positivelygravitrophic, while shoots are negatively so.
amyloplasts, elongation
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Seeds become dormant
abscisic acid
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Roots orient downwards towards the soil and shoots orient upward
auxin
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Development of fruit and seeds
auxin
77
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Fruit ripening
ethylene
78
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Abscission of leaves
ethylene
79
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In the summer, when nights are short a portion of the _____________ will still be present at dawn.
pfr
80
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High levels of Pfr trigger development of flower primordia in
long day plants
81
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true or false: plant growth, development, and response to the environment is coordinated by environmental cues and chemical signals.
true
82
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what plant response would result in directional growth?
tropism
83
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the active form of phytochrome is:
phytochrome far red
84
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what is true about phytochrome
phytochrome red absorbs red light
85
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(t or f) after a long night, very little pfr will remain in plant leaves at dawn
true
86
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(t or f) after a short night, more pfr will remain in leaves at dawn
true
87
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the suppression of lateral buds by auxin is called:
apical dominance
88
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which of the following would inhibit flowering
a short day plant that has a period of dark interrupted by a flash of light
89
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What is the male spore known as in angiosperm reproduction?
the microspore
90
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What is the megagametophyte also know as in angiosperm reproduction?
the embryo sac
91
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Dr. Emori grows squash in her garden. She notices that only about 50% of the flowers on her squash develop into zucchini. The other 50% shrivel up and fall off. Assuming this is a perfectly healthy plant, what can best explain this phenomenon?
the zucchini is monoecious
92
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the flower petals are collectively called:
the corolla
93
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which of the following results in production of microspores and megaspores
meiosis
94
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what refers to an immature plant contained in a seed
embryo
95
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Ovules are found inside of the \_________.
ovary
96
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\_________ will develop into 2 sperm as well as the \________ which will help the sperm reach the ovules.
pollen grain, pollen tube
97
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Union of 1 sperm with the \___________ produces endosperm and union of the other sperm with the egg forms the zygote.
polar nuclei
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\_________ fertilization is unique to angiosperms.
Double
99
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Unfiltered sunlight is high in red light wavelengths and low in far-red light wavelengths. During the day a plant receiving unfiltered sunlight will have more ____________ at the end of the day.
pfr
100
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At night the Pfr slowly reverts back to Pr. In the middle latitudes during the winter, when nights are long,___________ of the Pfr will revert to Pr overnight.
all