AP Psych Research Methods and Intelligence

Alfred Binet

made the first test to test intelligence averages

measured mental age

Charles Spearmen

found that people who score well in one area often score well in others

intelligence= g

William Stern

made intelligence quotient (IQ)

mental age/chronological age x100 = IQ

Lewis Terman

interested in "geniuses"

made the stanford-binet test to measure intelligence

what Is a genius

145+ IQ

what is a bell curve

a graph of normal distribution

reliability

does the test measure/predict what its supposed to?

Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences

spatial, linguistic, intra-personal, interpersonal, musical, musical, bodily kinesthetic, logical mathematical, naturalist

WAIS

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

gold standard

includes verbal and performance

kid version= chronological age results--> adult version doesn't

Savant Sydrome

condition which people w/ serious mental disabilities have spectacular isolated abilities or brilliance in a specific area

creativity components

1- expertise

2- imaginative thinking skills (risk taking)

3- adventuresome personality

4. intrinsic motivation

5. creative environment

emotional intelligence

John Gottman

1. must know how to manage one's emotions

2. must be able to recognize emotions in others and respond empathetically

3. must handle relationships with others

4. must be confident in one's feelings and abilities to motivate themselves

what does procrastination show in terms of intelligence

not emotionally intelligent

Sternberg's 3 intelligences

creative, practical, analytical

creative intelligence

use of experience in ways that foster insights

practical intelligence

ability to read and adapt to the contexts of everyday life

analytical intelligence

mental steps used to solve problems

what do people with similar genes have

similar mental abilities

heritability

The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes.

50% of intelligence variation can be attributed to this

how does our environment shape us

life experiences intertwine with biology to shape us as individuals

Francis Galton

created concept of correlation and eugenics

"nature vs nurture"

Darwins half cousin

why was Galton controversial

encouraged breeding of "good genes" and discouraged "bad"

forcibly sterilized citizens

The Flynn Effect

the slow IQ rise of IQ generationally

what did Flynn believe about IQ tests

only measure a narrow set of problem solving aptitude

crystallized intelligence

things taught and trained in

fluid intelligence

ability to see new patterns and use logic

Reverse Flynn Effect

Decline in IQ scores in recent generations.

intelligence

ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

general intelligence

measured by every task on an intelligence test

factor analysis

distinct abilities cluster together and correlate to define a general intelligence factor

intelligence quotient

made by William stern

mental age/ chronological age *100

Validity

must measure what it actually says it is measuring

standardization

equal - no bias or favorability

Predictive validity 

success when a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict 

ex: scores on a test related to later on academic success

factor analysis

statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items

A correlation

Used to measure the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.

Aptitude

is a person’s natural ability or potential to learn or succeed at a particular task or skill.