Untitled Flashcards Set

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Romulus and Remus

Legendary twin brothers credited with founding Rome in 753 BCE.

Tiber River

A major river in Italy that played a crucial role in Rome's agriculture and transportation.

Fertile Land

Land that is rich in nutrients for farming, contributing to Rome's agricultural success.

Patricians

The wealthy and elite class in ancient Rome.

Plebeians

Ordinary citizens of Rome, often common people with less power.

Senate

A governing body in Rome that advised the king and later held significant power in the Republic.

Lex Canuleia

The law passed allowing intermarriage between Patricians and Plebeians.

Pax Romana

A period of relative peace and stability throughout the Roman Empire from 27 BCE to 180 CE.

Titus

A Roman Emperor known for his violent reign and popularity for gladiatorial games.

Gladiators

Fighters in ancient Rome who engaged in combat for public entertainment.

Twelve Tables

The earliest written code of laws in Rome, establishing legal standards.

Augustus

The first Emperor of Rome who established extensive reforms and initiated the Pax Romana.

Constantinople

The city founded by Emperor Constantine as the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.

Edict of Milan

A decree issued in 313 AD granting tolerance to Christians within the Roman Empire.

Civil wars

Conflicts arising due to power struggles and disagreements among Roman leaders.

Huns

A group of nomadic invaders from Central Asia known for their raids on the Roman Empire.

Visigoths

A Germanic tribe that played a significant role in the fall of Rome.

Triumvirate

A political regime dominated by three powerful individuals, notably the First Triumvirate of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.

Martyr

A person who suffers persecution and death for refusing to renounce their religion, often associated with early Christians.

Consul

One of the highest elected political offices in the Roman Republic.

Carthage

Rome's rival city-state in North Africa, significant in the Punic Wars.

Hannibal

A Carthaginian general known for crossing the Alps to invade Italy during the Second Punic War.

Veil

A symbol of status in ancient Rome, often worn by women.

Civilization

A complex human society characterized by urban development, social stratification, and a form of government.

Cestus

A type of gladiatorial combat glove, often modified for greater impact.

Bestiarius

Gladiators specialized in fighting wild animals.

Andabata

Blind gladiators who fought with swords or clubs and wore helmets obstructing their vision.

Tiberius Caesar

The stepson of Augustus, known for his military achievements and rule over the Roman Empire.

Claudius

The Roman Emperor known for his attempt to conquer Britain.

Caligula

The infamous Roman Emperor known for his cruelty and erratic behavior.

Commodus

Son of Marcus Aurelius and Emperor known for his obsession with gladiatorial games.

Conflict of Orders

A series of events where Plebeians sought political rights from Patricians.

Civil rights

The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.

Tribunes

Officials in ancient Rome who represented the Plebeians and had the power to veto legislation.

Scissor

A large bladed weapon used by gladiators, resembling a giant scissor.

Flavian Amphitheater

Also known as the Colosseum, it was constructed during the Flavian dynasty for public spectacles.

Aquila

The standard of a Roman legion, often depicting an eagle.

The Great Fire of Rome

A devastating fire that occurred in 64 AD during Nero's rule, resulting in widespread destruction.

Marcus Aurelius

A notable Stoic philosopher and the last of the 'Five Good Emperors' who ruled during the Pax Romana.

Alaric

Leader of the Visigoths, known for capturing and sacking Rome in 410 AD.

Odacer

A Germanic leader who overthrew the last Roman Emperor, marking the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

The Eastern Roman Empire

Also known as the Byzantine Empire, it continued to thrive after the fall of its western counterpart.

Murmillo

A type of heavily armed gladiator, typically equipped with a short sword.

Retiarius

A type of gladiator who fought with a trident and net, relying on speed and mobility.