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WW1 Review For Test
Militarism
The buildup of large militaries by European nations, escalating tensions (e.g., Germanyâs naval expansion challenged Britain).
Alliances
Complex agreements that pulled countries into conflict, such as the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente.
Imperialism
Competition for colonies that led to global rivalries, exemplified by Germany and Britain's clashes over Africa.
Nationalism
Ethnic pride and independence movements that fueled conflicts, demonstrated by Serbian nationalism and the assassination of Franz Ferdinand.
Allied Powers
The coalition of France, Russia, and the UK, later joined by Italy and the U.S.
Central Powers
The coalition consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.
Catalyst Event of WWI
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in 1914 by a Serbian nationalist.
U.S. Involvement in WWI
Initially neutral, the U.S. joined the war in 1917 due to German unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Telegram.
Liberty Bonds
Bonds sold to Americans to fund the war effort.
War Conservation Programs
Initiatives like 'Meatless Mondays' and 'Victory Gardens' aimed at conserving resources during the war.
Espionage Act (1917)
Legislation that criminalized criticism of the government and the war effort.
Sedition Act (1918)
Law that made it illegal to speak out against the U.S. government or the war.
Doughboys
A term used to refer to American soldiers during WWI.
Trench Warfare
A method of fighting in which opposing troops faced each other from trenches, leading to high casualties.
U-Boats
German submarines that attacked enemy ships without warning during WWI.
Armistice Day (Nov. 11, 1918)
The day fighting ceased at the end of WWI.
Wilsonâs Fourteen Points
A peace plan proposed by President Wilson that emphasized diplomacy, free trade, and self-determination.
League of Nations
An international organization proposed for peace; the U.S. did not join.
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
The treaty that formally ended WWI, imposing blame on Germany, requiring reparations, and territorial losses.
Inflation & Unemployment
Economic issues in the U.S. after WWI, characterized by job shortages for returning soldiers.
Race Riots
Violence resulting from competition for jobs, leading to racial tensions post-WWI.
Red Scare
The fear of communism in the U.S. fueled by the Russian Revolution.
Palmer Raids
A series of government actions to arrest and deport suspected radicals during the Red Scare.
Sacco & Vanzetti Case
The trial and execution of two Italian immigrants amid anti-immigrant bias.
Harlem Renaissance
A cultural revival of African American music, literature, and arts in the 1920s.
Jazz Age
The period known for the popularity of jazz music, with artists like Louis Armstrong.
Speakeasies
Illegal bars that operated during Prohibition, serving alcohol.
Al Capone
A notorious gangster who profited from illegal activities during Prohibition.
Scopes Trial (1925)
A landmark trial debating evolution and religious beliefs.
Hardingâs 'Return to Normalcy'
A campaign slogan proposing pro-business policies after WWI.
Teapot Dome Scandal
A government corruption scandal involving oil lease bribes.
Supply-Side Economics
Economic theory advocating tax cuts to stimulate investment.
Dawes Plan (1924)
A financial plan where the U.S. provided loans to Germany to help pay reparations.
Washington Conference (1921-22)
A meeting aimed at reducing naval arms and maintaining peace.
Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)
An international agreement in which nations renounced war as a means of resolving disputes.
National Origins Act (1924)
Legislation that restricted immigration, favoring Northwestern Europeans.
End of Prohibition (1933)
The repeal of alcohol bans through the 21st Amendment.
Key Year: 1914
The year WWI began.
Key Year: 1917
The year the U.S. entered WWI.
Key Year: 1918
The year WWI ended with Armistice Day.
Key Year: 1919
The year the Treaty of Versailles was signed.
Key Year: 1920s
The decade characterized by the Red Scare, Harlem Renaissance, and Prohibition.
Key Year: 1924
The year of the Dawes Plan and the National Origins Act.
Key Year: 1925
The year of the Scopes Trial.
Key Year: 1928
The year the Kellogg-Briand Pact was established.
Key Year: 1933
The year Prohibition ended with the passing of the 21st Amendment.
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