WW1 Review

WW1 Review For Test

Militarism

The buildup of large militaries by European nations, escalating tensions (e.g., Germany’s naval expansion challenged Britain).

Alliances

Complex agreements that pulled countries into conflict, such as the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente.

Imperialism

Competition for colonies that led to global rivalries, exemplified by Germany and Britain's clashes over Africa.

Nationalism

Ethnic pride and independence movements that fueled conflicts, demonstrated by Serbian nationalism and the assassination of Franz Ferdinand.

Allied Powers

The coalition of France, Russia, and the UK, later joined by Italy and the U.S.

Central Powers

The coalition consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

Catalyst Event of WWI

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in 1914 by a Serbian nationalist.

U.S. Involvement in WWI

Initially neutral, the U.S. joined the war in 1917 due to German unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Telegram.

Liberty Bonds

Bonds sold to Americans to fund the war effort.

War Conservation Programs

Initiatives like 'Meatless Mondays' and 'Victory Gardens' aimed at conserving resources during the war.

Espionage Act (1917)

Legislation that criminalized criticism of the government and the war effort.

Sedition Act (1918)

Law that made it illegal to speak out against the U.S. government or the war.

Doughboys

A term used to refer to American soldiers during WWI.

Trench Warfare

A method of fighting in which opposing troops faced each other from trenches, leading to high casualties.

U-Boats

German submarines that attacked enemy ships without warning during WWI.

Armistice Day (Nov. 11, 1918)

The day fighting ceased at the end of WWI.

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

A peace plan proposed by President Wilson that emphasized diplomacy, free trade, and self-determination.

League of Nations

An international organization proposed for peace; the U.S. did not join.

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

The treaty that formally ended WWI, imposing blame on Germany, requiring reparations, and territorial losses.

Inflation & Unemployment

Economic issues in the U.S. after WWI, characterized by job shortages for returning soldiers.

Race Riots

Violence resulting from competition for jobs, leading to racial tensions post-WWI.

Red Scare

The fear of communism in the U.S. fueled by the Russian Revolution.

Palmer Raids

A series of government actions to arrest and deport suspected radicals during the Red Scare.

Sacco & Vanzetti Case

The trial and execution of two Italian immigrants amid anti-immigrant bias.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural revival of African American music, literature, and arts in the 1920s.

Jazz Age

The period known for the popularity of jazz music, with artists like Louis Armstrong.

Speakeasies

Illegal bars that operated during Prohibition, serving alcohol.

Al Capone

A notorious gangster who profited from illegal activities during Prohibition.

Scopes Trial (1925)

A landmark trial debating evolution and religious beliefs.

Harding’s 'Return to Normalcy'

A campaign slogan proposing pro-business policies after WWI.

Teapot Dome Scandal

A government corruption scandal involving oil lease bribes.

Supply-Side Economics

Economic theory advocating tax cuts to stimulate investment.

Dawes Plan (1924)

A financial plan where the U.S. provided loans to Germany to help pay reparations.

Washington Conference (1921-22)

A meeting aimed at reducing naval arms and maintaining peace.

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

An international agreement in which nations renounced war as a means of resolving disputes.

National Origins Act (1924)

Legislation that restricted immigration, favoring Northwestern Europeans.

End of Prohibition (1933)

The repeal of alcohol bans through the 21st Amendment.

Key Year: 1914

The year WWI began.

Key Year: 1917

The year the U.S. entered WWI.

Key Year: 1918

The year WWI ended with Armistice Day.

Key Year: 1919

The year the Treaty of Versailles was signed.

Key Year: 1920s

The decade characterized by the Red Scare, Harlem Renaissance, and Prohibition.

Key Year: 1924

The year of the Dawes Plan and the National Origins Act.

Key Year: 1925

The year of the Scopes Trial.

Key Year: 1928

The year the Kellogg-Briand Pact was established.

Key Year: 1933

The year Prohibition ended with the passing of the 21st Amendment.