Unit/Exam 1 Foundations of Nursing

Cardiac Output (CO)

amount of blood pumped into the circulatory system by the heart within one minute

Stroke Volume (SV)

is the amount of blood ejected by the ventricle during one heart contraction

Blood Viscosity

The resistance of a liquid to flow, aka “thickness” of blood

atherosclerosis

hardening of the arteries

Peripheral vascular resistance

describes the ability of the vessels to accommodate increased blood flow without also increasing resistance or blood pressure

Contractility

The force required to eject blood from the left ventricle and wether the heart can do this efficiently or not.

Preload

the amount of blood inside the ventricles before they contract. (this can effect stroke volume and blood pressure)

Afterload

amount of resistance, or constriction, that the heart must overcome to eject the blood into the systemic circulation

Orthostatic Hypotension

A decrease in blood pressure that occurs upon standing, especially from a lying or sitting position. A significant drop in the blood pressure caused by a change in position.

tachycardia vs bradycardia

• higher then normal range heart rate

• lower then normal range heart rate

apical pulse

The heart rate that is heard or felt at the apex of the heart,

pulse sites in the body

eupnea

respiratory rate and rhythm that are normal or within range for a specific patient

Cheyenne - Stokes

Irregular respirations beginning with rapid shallow breaths and then deep breaths followed by apnea

Kussmaul Respirations

Deep, rapid respirations

Normal Vital Signs Range

Pacemaker of the heart

SA node

What would indicate orthostatic hypotension

A decrease of 20 millimeters of mercury ion the systolic pressure with a position change indicates what

Blood Pressure Readings

Pulse Rate Ranges by Age

Respiratory Rate (different ages)

Pulse 4 point scale

A nurse is caring for a client who has a heart rate of 120/min. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Instruct the client to bear down like they are having a bowel movement. (valsava maneuver can regualte heart rate)

A nurse is assessing a 3-month old infant during a well-child visit. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when assessing the apical pulse?

Place the stethoscope over the 4th intercostal space to the left of the sternum.

Pulse Deficit

Apical - Radial Pulse = ????

anticoagulant medication

Medications that inhibit the blood's ability to clot

medication reconciliation

The process when the physician assesses the current home medications with the newly prescribed drugs. It must be completed on client admission, transfer, or discharge from the hospital

hospital–associated infections (HAIs)

Nosocomial infections. Infections that occurred while the client was in the hospital.

​​ Caritas Processes

Ten caring processes that provide a common language to guide nurses in identifying and maximizing the caring moments and occasions in their own practice

Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring

A model in client care that has a holistic mind-body-spirit healing perspective characterized by caring moments in which the nurse and the client have a human-to-human connection; transpersonal caring

Medically Futile

doing useless treatments that don’t do anything for the patient

palliative care

multidisciplinary care approach that focuses on the management of symptoms for a chronic or life threatening condition while maintaining the highest quality of life possible

4 questions to ask before administering medication

• What Medications is the client currently taking?

• Interaction with prescription?

• Allergies?

• Physical assessments needed?